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Giacomo Menascè 1922 - 1945 Edit

Born 11.6.1922 in Ródos
Died 25.3.1945 in Mauthausen

Biography

Giacomo Menasce: The Uncle We Never Knew

Jaco Menashe (Giacomo Menasce in Italian) was born on 11 June 1922 on the island of Rhodes in the Aegean Sea. His parents were Isaac Menashe and Reina Menashe, née Benun. He was the youngest of five brothers – Abraham, Rahamin, Samuel, Haim and Jaco

Jaco lived his entire short life on the island of Rhodes, which was under Italian occupation at the time (1912–1943). Like most of his fellow members of the Jewish community, Jaco strictly observed the Sabbath and all the Jewish religious festivals. Jaco was faithful to his Sephardic heritage and spoke Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) as his mother tongue. He learnt Hebrew at school and used to help his contemporaries with the language.

Unfortunately his father died on 13 October 1922 when Jaco was only a few months old. It was very difficult for Granny Reina to raise five sons all on her own and so, in 1926, it was arranged that the two elder brothers (Abraham and Rahamin) would to go and join their uncles in Southern Rhodesia and Argentina respectively. His brother Samuel also left Rhodes a few years later. When his brother Haim left in 1938 destined for Congo, Jaco decided to remain with his mother in Rhodes.

Jaco missed his brothers tremendously. In a letter he wrote in February 1943 he said, ‘Dear Avramachi, please tell dear Sami and dear Rahamin to write me a short letter by hand as I miss reading their letters’. In the same letter one can see that life in Rhodes was very difficult at that time: ‘I have grown up but without a future. We hope that when the war ends we will have one.’ Sadly he didn’t get to see the end of the war.

In the early part of 1944 Jaco became engaged to be married to Blanca Benun – a distant relative. Sadly, both Jaco and Blanca were deported from Rhodes before they could take their marriage vows. Blanca was killed in Auschwitz in August 1944.

On 23 July 1944 Jaco and his mother Reina, along with almost 1,700 fellow Rhodesli Jews, were put by the German SS onto three boats, which arrived in Athens on 31 July. They were held at the notorious Haidari concentration camp until 3 August, when they were packed into cattle trains – 65 to a wagon – destined for Auschwitz.

After a horrific journey lasting 13 days the train arrived in Auschwitz on 16 August. Upon arrival the ‘selection’ took place and the majority of the deportees were sent to the gas chambers. Reina was among them.

Many of the youngsters, including Jaco, were sent to carry out forced labour. For five months Jaco endured the daily hardships of little nourishment, exposure to a severe winter, brutal treatment by the SS guards and slave labour.

On 18 January 1945, just nine days before the Red Army arrived at Auschwitz, the SS force marched some 60,000 prisoners from the Auschwitz death camp to Wodzisław Śląski (a town in Silesia, southern Poland) about 56 kilometres away. Jaco was one of those on the march.

This march took place in the dead of winter with few provisions for food or shelter and hardly any opportunity to rest. Almost one in four died en route from starvation, cold and exhaustion. This became known as one of the most notorious ‘death marches’. As Alberto Israel, a fellow Rhodesli who survived, said, ‘We only had our thin prison clothes and broken shoes. If you wanted a warm drink, you had to drink your urine.’

After arrival in Wodzisław the prisoners were loaded into open freight cars and transferred to a number of concentration camps in Germany. Jaco was put on a train to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, where he arrived on 25 January 1945. On arrival at Mauthausen he was allocated the registration number 121103, though he probably already had another number etched on his forearm from when he first arrived in Auschwitz.

According to the ‘Death Book’ Jaco died in the Sanitätslager (infirmary camp), which was located outside of the main Mauthausen camp. Though this was called an infirmary, it was a ‘sick camp’ which was nothing more than a place to put the inmates waiting to die. There was no medical care and a minimum of hygiene – in the weeks before liberation, up to six inmates had to share a bed –, meaning that the death toll was always very high.

Jaco died on 23 March 1945 at 3:45am. There is no record of where he was buried. Jaco’s name appears in the Mauthausen Memorial Book of the Dead.

 

Isaac Menashe

 

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