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Bedřich Lamm 1930 - 1945 Edit

Born 23.1.1930 in Moravská Třebová
Died 13.5.1945 in Mauthausen

Biography

Bedřich Lamm a symbol of the Nazi persecution of Jewish children in Moravská Třebová

Bedřich was born in the interwar period into a traditional Jewish Lamm family. His father Alfréd was born in Lichnov near Bruntál in 1900 as the first-born son of Rosalie and Salomon Lamm. His younger brother Bruno settled in Liberec after his studies, where he got married and found work as a bank clerk.

Bedřich's mother Josefina was born in Moravská Třebová in 1900 as the third and last child of Jetta and Sigmund Holzmann. The eldest sibling, her brother Oskar, was seriously wounded during the First World War, but eventually returned home happily. Sister Klára married Heřman Kurz from Prostějov. Together they lived in Prostějov in Žeranovského Street and ran a general store in the town. An interesting fact may be that Mr. and Mrs. Kurz were also cousins. Heřman's mother was the elder sister of Jetta Holzmann.

Alfréd and Josefina were married in 1929 and found their home with Josefina's parents in Moravská Třebová in Holzmaisterstrasse in house no. 35 (today Lanškrounská 35), where they ran a cloth shop.

In the second half of 1938, a part of Czechoslovakia seceded and the Sudetenland was formed, consisting of three districts. Moravská Třebová was incorporated into the Government District of Opava. Fearing for their safety, Bedřich's parents decided to send their eight-year-old son Bedřich to Prostějov, where he found a temporary home with his aunt Klára and uncle Heřman. However, they remained in Moravská Třebová not wanting to leave their business and Josefina's 72-year-old mother unattended.

In the spring of 1939, German troops occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia, creating the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Repression of the Jewish population escalated and Bedřich's family suffered greatly.

The first victim was uncle Bruno's wife Rosa, who collapsed under constant pressure from the Gestapo. She died in a sanatorium in June 1941. At the end of 1941, the Gestapo also arrested uncle Bruno and took him to the ghetto in Terezín. In July 1942, little Bedřich was also deported to Terezín together with his aunt Klara and uncle Heřman. A year later, the Kurzes were taken to Auschwitz, where they perished. In August 1942, Jetty's grandmother died and her remains were placed in the Catholic cemetery in Moravská Třebová. In the autumn of the same year, her other grandmother, Rosalie Lamm, was deported to Terezín and passed away there a year later. In February 1943, the Gestapo forcibly deported Bedřich's parents and uncle Oskar to the East. The transport document of 27 February 1943 is the last mention of the Lamms and uncle Oskar. In May 1944, Bedřich and uncle Bruno were transported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Bedřich successfully passed the initial selection and went with the tattooed prisoner number A 2434 to the branch labour camp in Sosnowiec. Uncle Bruno also passed the selection and ended up in the Blechhamer branch camp.

In Sosnowiec, Bedřich was assigned to a factory manufacturing components for cannons. In the second half of January 1945, when the Red Army approached, the camp was closed down and the prisoners were exiled on a harrowing Death March to Opava. The survivors reached their destination on 26 January and spent the night in two farmhouses. On Monday morning, the remaining prisoners were taken from the Opava train station in open trucks to the Mauthausen concentration camp. This transport arrived at the concentration camp in early February 1945 and was the last to arrive at Mauthausen from Auschwitz.

During the Death March, Bedřich survived his fifteenth birthday. He arrived at Mauthausen in a serious state of health with severe frostbite on his legs. His almost lifeless body was left unaided in the block for the dying, marked "Cross 30". Nevertheless, he won his fight for life and was given a new prison number, 125827. He was liberated by American soldiers, but did not enjoy his freedom for long. On May 13, 1945, he succumbed to tuberculosis under the care of the 131st U.S. Evacuation Hospital, which was operating at Mauthausen.

Of the entire family, only uncle Bruno survived the Nazi persecution. He was wounded during the bombing of the camp and remained in the infirmary while the other prisoners were sent to the Death March. Miraculously, he also survived the subsequent massacre in the infirmary. After the war, he remarried and raised his daughter Daniela. In 1980 he died of heart disease, was cremated and burried in a common grave in Liberec. His second wife Regina died in 1992. Daniela is today the only living person who connects the Lamm family to the present, and is a half-cousin of the young Bedřich.

Beginning in 2021, historical research on Bedřich Lamm and his family was initiated by Vladimír Nevlud, which has resulted in the construction of a lasting historical legacy for Bedřich Lamm and those who were closest to him.

In 2023, the "Stolpersteine" was deposited in Prostějov in  Žeranovského Street in front of house No. 17 by the association CEBENA - the path of helplessness and hope, z.s., as a tribute to the first Czech prisoner of the Auschwitz-Opava-Mauthausen Death March and transport. The funds for it were provided to the CEBENA association by company HAVEL - VRATA / MARKÝZY / ROLETY s.r.o. from Opava.

At the end of 2023, the CEBENA - the path of helplessness and hope, z.s., together with the town of Moravská Třebová, unveiled a memorial plaque to the Lamm and Holzmann families. The Stones of the Disappeared were deposited in the same place.

In 2025, as part of the project "No one should be forgotten or the story of a young Jewish boy from Moravská Třebová", Bedřich was listed among the important personalities of the town of Moravská Třebová. On the occasion of the anniversary of his birth and death, hundreds of students from local schools commemorated his life story with a long procession with lit candles, accompanied by bells from the parish Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The project was realised under the auspices of the Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic Jan Bartošek, the Federation of Jewish Communities of the Czech Republic, the Terezín Memorial and the Deputy Governor of the Pardubice Region Pavel Šotola. The author of the project was Vladimír Nevlud, Chairman of the CEBENA association. In the same year, the legacy of Bedřich Lamm was included in the international project "International Mauthausen Memorial Marker" in Austria.

Vladimír Nevlud - author of the life story of B. "None of us can choose what time and place we are born into. Young Bedřich was not as lucky as us to live a full life. He fought against adversity extremely bravely. He wished only to live. He endured seven long years of immense hardship, beatings and humiliation, only to have his big, sad heart stop beating on the eighth day of his dreamed-of freedom. This story should become a memento for us and a moment of realization of how happy lives we all actually live today."

Daniela Kronďáková - daughter of Bedřich's uncle Bruno: "After the war, Bedřich's uncle Bruno became my mother's husband and thus my father. He was a very educated and modest man, but at the same time very private and quiet. He taught me to love literature and led me to an active way of life. He never spoke of his wartime suffering. It was only his grandchildren who finally brought inner peace and relaxation into his life. He was a great support in my life and I loved him very much for that."

This biography is part of the database of traced prisoners from the Auschwitz-Opava-Mauthausen Death March, compiled by the Chairman of the CEBENA Association - the path of helplessness and hope, Vladimír Nevlud. In this database, Bedřich Lamm is registered under the number 672.

(CEBENA - Cesta bezmoci a naděje, z. s. | Pustá Polom | Facebook)

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