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Richárd Engel de Jánosi 1882 - 1944 Edit

Born 31.7.1882 in Pécs
Died 30.4.1944 in Mauthausen

Biography

Richárd Engel de Jánosi was an engineer who in 1944 was the owner left in charge of his family’s lumber company, Adolf Engel & Sons in Pécs, Hungary.

On 19 March 1944 when the Germans occupied Pécs, Hungary, SS officers arrested Richárd, according to my relative, Peter Engel de Jánosi (who also went by Peter de Jánosi).

Peter and his father, Paul, were to have lunch with Richárd when they saw a black car with swastikas on the doors parked in front of Richárd’s house on what is now called Rákáczi ut in Pécs. Peter’s father put his hand on Peter’s shoulder and quietly told Peter to turn around. They did, and they headed back to Peter’s apartment on Hunyadi út. Peter looked back. Three men in black uniforms with red swastikas on their armbands had Richárd by the arm. The men in black uniforms with red swastikas on their armbands led Richárd to the black car marked with swastikas, and then they drove away. This happened at approximately 1:00 p.m.

Richárd was one of the first to be deported from Pécs perhaps because he was a prominent member of the Jewish community there. He was taken together with a few others, as well as some non-Jews who were liberal and known to oppose Nazis. Richárd might have been held at the Laktis barracks with other prisoners across the street from the train station in Pécs.

In March 1944, days after German troops occupied Pécs, the mayor of Pécs Lajos Esztergár signed an agreement with the Nazis and the Nazi-Hungarians (Arrow Cross) to arrest all the Jews of Pécs.

Approximately two months after Richárd was arrested and deported, The Hungarian Royal Court of Justice appointed a new company director of Adolf Engel & Sons. Antal Czizek took control on 31 May 1944. Czizek’s appointment was approved by the mayor of Pécs, Lajos Esztergár. The 1600/1944 M. E. decision states “the Jew owners Adolf Engel and Sons can’t lead the saw mill and the parquet company anymore because of ‘other responsibilities’”.

Richárd was among the fifty-three members of the Hungarian nobility as well as politicians and industrialists from Budapest who arrived in Mauthausen Camp in Austria on 25 April 1944. Richárd’s rabbi from Pécs, Rabbi Albert Schweitzer, was there too.

Already Richárd was weak from the one month in the internment camp in Pécs. Richárd was prisoner number 64240. The person signing him in wrote Engel as his last name. Richárd’s birth date is listed 31.7.1882. Under profession: Masch Ingenieur, Machine Engineering. The reason given for deportation: 54 Ung. Jude. The number 54 might mean that Richárd was among that particular group of Hungarians arrested and committed that day. Ung was, short for Ungarischer or Hungarian Jew.

The documents I received from the Mauthausen archivist, documents that contained the Xerox of Richárd’s admission papers of 25 April 1944, differ slightly from the information I received at Yad Vashem. On Yad Vashem’s typed sheet, Richárd’s birthdate is 31.7.1892. The original admission papers read clearly 1882, matching up with family documents of his birth date. Richárd was 62 years old when he entered Mauthausen.

He wouldn’t eat. Richárd told his rabbi, Rabbi Schweitzer he was fasting. Evidently he had already stopped eating in the internment camp in Pécs. Richárd’s fast was a political protest. His rabbi was a witness.

Political fasting had worked once before for Richárd in 1918. When Richárd fasted, the occupying Serbians released him and left Pécs. Richárd’s niece Anna Stein says that Richárd was “stubborn and rigid and when he decided to do something, it was so.” He was an engineer. He believed in a system of order.

Richárd fasted for five days at Mauthausen.

Richárd died 30 April 1944, five days after he arrived. Some official drew a line through Engel, Richard 31-7-82 Pécs, and in the margin, this someone wrote Richárd’s number 64240, which does not have a line drawn through it. Reason for Richárd’s death: Kollaps; ak. Herzschwäche. Collapse; acute myocardial insufficiency.

On 7 October 1944, the Hungarian Royal Office of Statistics filed a report stating that the Engel Adolf and Sons company, directed by the owner, Richard who – according to a notice by the German police – has deceased since then”.

I first learned of my relative Richárd Engel de Jánosi at Yad Vashem, during a trip to Israel. The archivist there said that I was now “responsible” for him and for remembering him, though I knew nothing about him. I applied for a Fulbright to Hungary, and in the fall of 2010 my husband, son, and I lived in Pécs, Hungary for three months, while I taught at the University of Pécs and researched the life of Richárd. We three then traveled to the Mauthausen Memorial, Austria, where we recited the Kaddish for Richárd.

Margaret McMullan, granddaughter of his cousin

 

More information:

Margaret McMullan: Where the Angels lived. One Family´s Story of Exile, Loss, and Return (2019).

Margaret McMullan: My family's Jewish heritage was kept a secret. Now I mourn a relative I never knew. In: USA Today, 1 May 2019.

Margaret Mc Mullan: Talking to young students about the Holocaust. In: Washington Post, 20 January 2020.

Yad Vashem: Richárd Engel de Jánosi

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