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Danilo Veronesi 1926 - 1944 Edit

Born 3.7.1926 in Caprino Veronese
Died 13.5.1944 in Ebensee

Biography

Danilo Veronesi was the son of Adelino Veronesi and Maria Dossi. In 1936 the family moved to Milan. It was an anti-Fascist family and following the outbreak of war, Danilo became a member of a group of young people who were actively involved in producing propaganda against the regime and distributing leaflets. After 8 September 1943, the group came across some guns in a building deserted by military units and hid them in nearby gardens, planning to deliver them later on to the partisans. A local Fascist found out about it and denounced them in order to get the reward paid at that time for denunciations.

In the night from 1 to 2 January 1944, a section of the ‘Muti’ Fascist brigade stormed the district, searched the specified apartments and arrested the young men and their fathers: they were threatened with being shot on the spot if they didn’t immediately hand over the weapons. All were released again except Danilo and two other comrades, who were accused of partisan activities and locked in the San Vittore jail.

From here he was taken somewhere else but his relatives were told nothing. Only some time later did the family receive official notification from the German headquarters stating that their son had been sent to Germany to work and that he ‘died as a result of injuries sustained during a terrorist bombing raid by the Anglo-Americans’.

The truth is rather different. Danilo was deported from San Vittore to Mauthausen, where he arrived on 11 March 1944. He was registered under prisoner number 57467, category protective custody prisoner, profession apprentice, and was transferred to Ebensee on 25 March. According to a statement given by a survivor who was imprisoned and suffered alongside him, Roberto Castellani from Prato, Danilo was ‘an extraordinary young man: he was always thinking of others, helping them … if someone collapsed on the march back from work, he would put them on his back to carry them into the camp without giving a thought to who he was, be it an Italian, a Pole or a Jew.’

Together they joined the internal ‘resistance group’ in the camp, which was made up of prisoners from different countries. An escape attempt was organised and Danilo volunteered for it, successfully escaping during the night of 9 May. He took shelter in a barracks, barely 15 kilometres away. But after three days he was surprised by a gamekeeper who hit him with a spade, knocking him unconscious. He was taken back to the camp on the evening of 13 May, where he was interrogated and beaten with cudgels. Finally, the head of the camp, Otto Riemer, who was known for his cruelty, set a dog on him, which tore him to pieces – Danilo died. The next morning his mangled corpse was displayed during roll call as a warning to all the other prisoners. His body was then thrown on the electrified barbed wire fence so that the commandant could record a death of ‘suicide by electric shock’ in the register – one of the many lies that was used to cover up an arbitrary killing.

It was only in the 1990s that Danilo’s sisters learned, through the testimony given Roberto Castellani, who was president of the Prato section of the ANED, and through research carried out by his home town, where a street is now also named after him, of the distressing and cruel truth, but also of the valiant behaviour of their young brother Danilo.

ANED, Verona section

 

References:

Roberto Castellani, witness testimony in http://www.testimonianzedailager.rai.it/testimoni/pdf/test_45.pdf.

Giovanna D’Amico / Giovanni Villari / Francesco Cassata (ed.): Il libro dei deportati. I deportati politici 1943–1945 [The Book of Deportees. Political deportees 1943–1945], vol. I (Milan 2009), research led by Brunello Mantelli, Nicola Tranfaglia, sponsored by ANED.

Florian Freund: KZ Zement Ebensee. Il campo di concentramento di Ebensee, commando di Mauthausen e l'industria missilistica [KZ Zement Ebensee. The Ebensee concentration camp and rocket production] (Torino 1990). (German: Arbeitslager Zement. Das Konzentrationslager Ebensee und die Raketenrüstung [Vienna 1989]).

Vasco Senatore Gondola: Da Caprino a Ebensee: Danilo Veronesi, un martire del nazismo [From Caprino to Ebensee. Danilo Veronesi, a martyr under Nazism] (Caprino Veronese 2002).

 

Gracco Spaziani: Deportati veronesi morti nei campi di concentramento e di sterminio [Veronese deportees who died in the concentration and extermination camps], appendix from January 2015 to: Prigionia e deportazione nel veronese 1943–45 [Imprisonment and Deportation in Verona 1943–1945], by Gracco Spaziani and Paola Dalli Cani (Caselle di Sommacampagna [Verona], 2012).

Translation into English: Joanna White

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