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Jan Čipera 1889 - 1945 Edit

Born 16.8.1889 in Liteň u Berouna
Died 1.5.1945 in Mauthausen

Biography

Jan Čipera was born the son of a headteacher. He was of Czech nationality and a Roman Catholic.

He completed his secondary education at a Czech school in Prague’s Third District. After his school leaving certificate he attended the Montanist College in Příbram, which he graduated on passing the second state examination in metallurgical engineering. In the periods 1915 to 1917 and 1921 to 1924 he worked there as an assistant at the Institute for General Metallurgy, Metal Engineering and Salt Works.

 In April 1917 he began his military service, as part of which he was employed in the foundry for iron and other metals – having been assigned to the Skoda Works in Pilsen in November that year. From the start of the following year he was transferred as an expert (chemical engineer) to the tin mine of the Skoda Works in Krupka near Teplice, where he worked as a representative of the factory’s managing board and oversaw ore production. As part of his work, he ordered the construction of new laboratories for ore production. In his role as member of the tin mine management board, he carried out systematic chemical analyses of tin and tungsten ore discoveries in Krušné hory, the ‘Ore Mountains’.

In 1921 he returned to the post of assistant chair of general metallurgy at the Montanist College. From the 1923/24 academic year onwards he was appointed a salaried lecturer in heating studies and from the 1925/26 summer semester assigned to give lectures in heating studies, covering combustion theory, questions concerning the heating of solid, liquid and gaseous combustible materials, prevention of heat loss, the causes of the creation of smoke and means of reducing or eliminating it. In Příbram he also held a civil service post in which he worked until the end of the 1930s. In 1924 and 1925 he was simultaneously professor at the state vocational school in Kladno. At the end of 1924 he took up a post as an interim technical official at machinery department no. 15 of the Prague Construction Office, whose area of responsibility included setting the agenda for the police in charge of heating installations and coal monitoring. At the same time he was also responsible for coal monitoring for Prague’s schools and municipal buildings. In 1931 he became managing technical commissioner of the Capital Prague, and his career in the service of the Prague magistrate came to an end in June 1931 when he was appointed technical adviser for Prague. At the same time he was working as an adviser in heating technology for the ‘Humanity’ institute, for the Association for the Care and Health of Workers in Prague, for the sanatorium in Prosečnice, for the Central Health Insurance Association and for the District Health Insurer in Prague.

From 1931 to 1933 he was an adviser to the Association of Producers of Stove Tiles at the Central Association of Czech Industrialists. Working in his own private laboratory, he researched domestic heating systems and modern stoves, as well as completely smoke-free combustion methods. In the second half of the 1930s he worked on related research into commercial and industrial heating systems. He published his new findings in specialist journals and gave lectures to scientists and the general public.

During the period of the Protectorate he divided his time between Prague and his estate. In October 1944 he was arrested by the Prague Gestapo, probably along with his wife, and remanded in custody in Prague’s Pankrác prison. Further details of his arrest remain unknown; the Gestapo recorded the reason for the arrest with the obligatory ‘supporting enemies of the Reich’. After being sentenced he was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp.

Jan Čipera died in Mauthausen at the age of 56 as the result of an infection, just before the liberation on 1 May 1945. His wife was executed only one day later, on 2 May 1945, in the Small Fortress in Terezín.

 

Michał Szabuniewicz

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

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