Back

Николай Иванович Кононенко / Nikolaj Iwanowitsch Kononenko 1895 - 1944 Edit

Born 28.4.1895 in Belopolje
Died 7.10.1944 in Mauthausen

Biography

Nikolai Ivanovich Kononenko was born on 28 April 1895 in the town of Belopolye (Bilopillya) in the Kharkov (Karkhiv) oblast. After finishing secondary school, he studied medicine until 1920 at Kharkov University, where he also met his future wife, Feofania Vasilevna Gulyaeva.

In 1935 the Kononenko family moved to Chuguev (Chuhuiv). His sons Michail and Alexey went to school there, and Nikolai Ivanovich and his wife worked in the local hospital. Nikolai Ivanovich was interested in the current medical questions of his day and subscribed to several specialist books and journals.

During the years 1937 and 1938, repressive measures were carried out on a mass scale as part of the ‘Great Purge’. Many teachers and doctors were viewed as ‘enemies of the people’. The atmosphere at home was very tense. Nikolai Ivanovich was prepared for the fact he might be taken away one night, but it never happened.

From 1938 to 1941, Kononenko taught surgery at the medical university in Chuguev and also ran the maternity ward. Former students and pupils of Nikolai Ivanovich remember him warmly as a beloved teacher, distinguished specialist and wonderful person.

Starting in the very first days of the war, Nikolai Ivanovich worked in Kharkov military hospital no. 68. As the hospital moved, he went with it, travelling via Kupiansk and Lugansk to Stalingrad and back. On 26 June 1942, N.I. Kononenko, the entire medical staff and all the sick and wounded officers and soldiers were taken prisoner during heavy fighting as the 2nd Shock Army attempted to break through an encirclement. According to the information given on his ‘Personalkarte I’ (prisoner of war personal information card), Kononenko was in the Stammlager (Stalag) XIII A camp from 28 to 31 August 1942. Starting on 1 September 1942, he was subjected to seven months of backbreaking forced labour in Amberg as part of work detachment no. 274. On 7 April 1943 he was transferred to work in the Ebelsbach reserve medical station, which served prisoners of war of various nationalities from Bavarian work detachments. There he ran the resistance group known as the ‘Southern Bavarian Centre’. This carried out underground propaganda and enlightenment work and good links existed between the various locations.

The resistance members were also planning escapes. Between September 1943 and June 1944 there were over 300 escape attempts from the work detachments cared for by the Ebelsbach medical station. When prisoners of war from different work detachments met at the medical station, they were able to exchange information about their conspiratorial experiences. The members of the resistance group also encouraged sabotage, i.e. damaging machines, tools and equipment and, where possible, setting fires during air raids by the Anglo-American air forces.

The Ebelsbach revolutionary committee had over 300 members. With the help of a spy, the Gestapo was able to discover the resistance group and arrest many of its members. Nikolaj Iwanowitsch was handed over to the Gestapo on 13 July 1944.

Some time later, Kononenko was transferred to Ebensee, one of the subcamps of the Mauthausen concentration camp, where he continued to work as a doctor in the infirmary. But two months later he was transferred to Mauthausen. Red circles were sewn onto the front and back of his jacket as a sign that he was a prisoner sentenced to death. The resistance organisation within the camp offered to register Nikolai Ivanovich as dead and hide him under a different prisoner number. But he refused the offer because the fascists knew him well and because he feared that this would blow the cover on the whole organisation. On 7 October 1944 he and many other resistance fighters were shot at the Mauthausen concentration camp.

 

Olga Shevchenko

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

Send information about this person...

Add further information about this person...