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Dina de Leve-Cohen 1919 - 1945 Edit

Born 16.10.1919 in Groningen
Died 20.3.1945 in Mauthausen

Biography

 

The Dutch Jew Dina (Dineke) de Leve was born on 16 October 1919 in Groningen in the Netherlands. She was the daughter of Simon Cohen and Amalia Hemelrijk. Dineke was a nurse by profession. Before the war she lived in Amsterdam and, during the war, she and her husband Dirk Frederik settled first in The Hague and later went into hiding in Rotterdam. In summer 1944 they were deported via the Westerbork camp to Theresienstadt. From there, Dina was transported on 1 October 1944 by train to Auschwitz. Having survived selection and being held in the transit camp, she was selected for forced labour at the Arado aircraft factory in Freiberg in Saxony. Her prisoner number at Flossenbürg concentration camp, to which the Freiberg subcamp belonged, was 54378. She worked there for the German arms industry until 14 April 1945 and was then evacuated by train to Mauthausen concentration camp. Writing about the process on arrival at Mauthausen on 29 April 1945, her fellow campmate Lisa Scheuer noted in her autobiography:

‘Finally the order came to undress completely. All the rags we still had on we had to discard and carried on standing for hours, now completely naked, on the concrete square […]. Finally, so it seems, the camp administration gave up and had us taken to the notorious Mauthausen gypsy camp. […] Two ill women, who we had brought with us from Freiberg in the sick carriage and afterwards on the flatbed truck, died while we were still on the roll call area. It was only when we were ordered to march away that we noticed they were dead: a young Dutch woman and an older Czech woman. We had to leave them lying there, couldn’t take them with us to the gypsy camp. The only thing we could do was quickly say the prayer for the dead and move along.’[1]

By process of elimination[2] and documentary evidence, the young Dutchwoman mentioned here must be Dina de Leve, who therefore died on 29 April 1945 in Mauthausen. Her surviving husband, Dirk, later an Israeli citizen, seems to have been given no concrete or only a false date of death for her during his lifetime. According to the Page of Testimony[3] from 1985, written for his wife who had died in Mauthausen in 1945, the information about Dineke’s death given to the Dutch Red Cross was provided by a Jewish Dutch woman who survived and saw Dineke die. At this point, he also knew (probably from the same source) that his wife had been deported from Auschwitz to ‘Freiburg’[4] [sic].

In 1992, Bernice Shaw, the later wife of Dirk de Leve, submitted a Page of Testimony[5] from the USA in which Dineke’s death is given more precisely as 20 March 1945. This date can also be found in the files of the Nederlandse Oorlogsgravenstichting[6] and in the memorial park at the Mauthausen Memorial on the monument to the Dutch victims. But the date is not plausible. At this point in time, the transport from Freiberg had not yet arrived in Mauthausen. However, in this later Page of Testimony, the cause of death is given as ‘Froze to Death’. This fits with Scheuer’s description of the naked roll call at the end of April. Therefore, it can be said that Dineke de Leve died on 29 April 1945 at roll call during the arrival process at Mauthausen. Sadly, no portrait photo of her exists.

Pascal Cziborra

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 



[1] Lisa Scheuer: Vom Tode, der nicht stattfand [Of the death that did not take place] (Aachen 1998). S.111f. Cf. Pascal Cziborra: KZ Freiberg, Geheime Schwangerschaft [Freiberg Concentration Camp. Secret pregnancy] (Bielefeld 2008), p. 101.

[2] Cf. prisoner list in: Cziborra: KZ Freiberg (Bielefeld 2008).

[3] Yad Vashem, Central Database of Shoah Victims’ Names, Page of Testimony, Item ID 1869280.

[4] The Freiberg subcamp is meant here.

[5] Yad Vashem, Central Database of Shoah Victims’ Names, Page of Testimony, Item ID 193151.

[6] Cf. www.ogs.nl, accessed on 1.3.2016

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