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Eustaquio Pérez Orduña 1897 - 1944 Edit

Born 29.3.1897 in Uztárroz/Uztarroze
Died 10.11.1944 in Melk

Biography

Eustaquio Pérez Orduña was born in Ustarroz in Navarre (Spain) on 29 March 1897.

During his childhood, Eustaquio worked as a shepherd, as the wealthy employed poor children to look after their flocks in the mountains during the summer. They gave them bread and tallow to make the famous "migas", which was their only income.

It's easy to see why these young Spaniards dreamed of moving to France, where they could live better even if they had to work a lot. Eustaquio Perez arrived in France, in Mauléon (Basses Pyrénées), in December 1921, and worked as a lumberjack, roadman and in espadrille factories.

It was in Mauléon that he was to meet another native of his home village, Victorina Olaverri, born in 1907 in Ustarroz (she died in 1999 in Mauléon, aged 92). From the age of 15, fleeing poverty, she came as a seasonal worker to work in the espadrille factories. Eustaquio married Victorina in 1930.

They had two sons: Roman in 1931 and Pierre in 1933.

Eustaquio Perez was a man of conviction; in 1936 he was president of the local Mauléon section of the Federation of Spanish Immigrants in France. It was the year of the Front Populaire, with its workers' strikes in France and the Matignon agreements on paid holidays. 1936 was also the year of the start of the terrible Spanish Civil War, which led to the exile of so many Republicans fleeing Franco's dictatorship.

In September 1939, when war was declared, the French government banned the PCF (French Communist Party) and had its activists arrested. In Mauléon, trade union sympathiser and activist Eustaquio Pérez was arrested and transferred to the Fort du Hâ in Bordeaux, before being compulsorily incorporated into the "companies of foreign workers" designed to carry out work of general or strategic interest in border areas or in military camps. This was before the defeat of May 1940 and the signing of the armistice on 17 June.

This defeat enabled Eustaquio Pérez to return to Mauléon and be reunited with his family. However, he was still labelled a "red" by the Vichy regime, which collaborated with the German occupiers.

On 28 August 1942, the French police (Mauléon was in the free zone) raided the Perez house. Eustaquio was accused of distributing communist leaflets and was once again taken away from his family. He was imprisoned in Pau, then in Toulouse, then again in Pau on 25 December because he was to be tried by the Special Section (2 January 1943) and sentenced to a year's imprisonment. He spent some time in Pau prison, then in Toulouse and finally in Auch, from where he was transferred on 10 September 1944 to the Vernet camp in Ariège. The camp had been built to house Spanish republicans, and there were still many of them when Eustaquio Perez arrived.

At the end of June 1944, the camp came under German control; on 30 June 1944, the last 403 internees were evacuated by lorry and bus, including Eustaquio, who spent 48 hours at the Caffarelli barracks in Toulouse before being deported on 3 July 1944.

Eustaquio Perez was on the sinister "ghost train" that arrived in Dachau on 28 August 1944 after a journey of almost two months. On 20 September 1944, he was transferred to Mauthausen and then to Melk, probably on 22 September. Eustaquio was certainly already weakened, exhausted by the appalling living and working conditions, and soon fell ill. Thanks to the solidarity of his friends, he was assigned to the kitchen. However, his condition did not improve and he died on 10 November 1944, leaving a 37-year-old widow and two children aged 11 and 13.

Max Dalier, friend of the family

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