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Ján Osoha 1901 - 1945 Edit

Born 27.7.1901 in Podolí
Died 19.2.1945 in Melk

Biography

Originally, Ján Osoha trained as a miller and worked as a miller near to Hodonín. In 1922 he joined the Communist Party and became active in their cause. In 1925, with the help of Interhelpo – a Czechoslovakian organisation of volunteers who emigrated, well-equipped and with their families, to the less developed regions of Soviet Central Asia in order to build Socialism and advance the process of civilisation – he travelled to Frunze (present day Bishkek), where he took on a leading role in the volunteer community. Here he finally gained his higher school leaving certificate. In 1927 he enrolled at the Central Asian University in Tashkent. He continued his studies at the Institute of Red Professors in Moscow and so became one of the best-educated Czechoslovakian Communists in the fields of political science and economics.

After his return to Czechoslovakia, the leadership of the Communist Party sent him to eastern Slovakia. Here he organised social unrest and wrote programmatic articles for the Communist party press. When the Communist Party was forced underground in autumn 1938, he was head of the Bratislava party district from the beginning of 1939 onwards. In May 1939, after the secession of the Slovakian Communists from the central Czechoslovakian party in Prague as a result of the forced creation of independent Slovakia and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Osoha came to preside over the organisation of the 1st Illegal Leadership of the Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) and therefore occupied one of the three highest-ranking positions within the KSS. He managed to evade the Slovakian police even when his closest and highest-ranking comrades from the 2nd and 3rd Illegal Leaderships of the Slovakian Communists were exposed and arrested.

Osoha was one of the leading figures of the Slovakian Communists during the first three years of the war and during its period of illegality. He asserted his political views within the party and advocated strict separation from the Czech Communists. Influenced by Moscow’s official recognition of the Slovakian State and in light of Soviet rhetoric and policy towards Poland, the Baltic States and Ukraine, from spring 1941 onwards he propagated the slogan of a ‘Soviet Slovakia’. He had a vision that the Socialist revolution would soon take place and Slovakia would be absorbed into the Soviet Union.

In summer 1942 the Slovakian secret police finally succeeded in arresting Osoha. In 1943 he was sentenced to 14 years’ imprisonment. In prison he still held fast to his vision of imminent revolution and rejected in part the line accepted even at that stage by the other leading Communists of a renewed Czechoslovakia and the gradual, non-revolutionary takeover of power. On 19 February 1945, on the orders of the German Security Police (SiPo) and the Security Service (SD), he was transferred from Nitra jail to the Mauthausen concentration camp. The transport carrying the prisoners was bombed near Melk by Allied forces, resulting in the deaths of 33 prisoners. One of them was Osoha.

In 1946 he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Slovak National Uprising 1st class. This was de facto the highest recognition that Slovakia could give for participation in the resistance and in the uprising.

Zlatica Zudová-Lešková

 

References:

Gustáv Husák: Svedectvo o SNP [Testimony on the Slovak National Uprising] (Bratislava 1964), p. 28ff.

Anna Štvrtecká: Ján Osoha (Bratislava 1970).

Viera Zajacová: Slováci v Mauthausene [Slovaks in Mauthausen] (Bratislava 1970), p. 82.

Jozef Jablonický: Z ilegality do povstania [From Illegality to Uprising] (Bratislava 1969), p. 65ff.

 

Zlatica Zudová-Lešková: Cesty k sebe. Česi v odboji na Slovensku v rokoch 1939–1943 [Pathways to Oneself. Czechs in the Resistance in Slovakia 1939–1943] (Prague 2009), p. 146ff.

Translation into English: Joanna White

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