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Miklos Vázsonyi 1904 - 1945 Edit

Born 29.3.1904 in Budapest
Died .6.1945 in Gunskirchen

Biography

Dr. Miklós Vázsonyi (-Pataj: March 29, 1904 - June, 1945), lived in Budapest, Hungary, and was married to Hedwig (née Felsner; 1905 - 1984), father of Gábor Elek (1929 - 2004) and Bálint (1936 - 2003). He received his Ph.D. in Economics and was last employed at Heinrich Klinger, Budapest, as Director of Exports, until about June, 1944. Miklós was one of four brothers (children of David Dezsö and Hermine, née Engel), two of which somehow survived the fascist ordeal (Elek “Lexi” and György). Géza was deported and died at Buchenwald Concentration Camp.

In July 1944, Miklós was forced into the “Arbeitsdienst” (forced labor) in Jaszbereny, ultimately being deported as part of a Jewish-Hungarian labor battalion to the copper mines in Bor, modern-day Serbia. He miraculously survived the slaughter of hundreds of mostly Jewish forced laborers near Crvenka, in early October 1944, when the forced laborers were moved from Bor in late September 1944, due to approaching partisan and Soviet troops. Weak and emaciated, he arrived at a camp at Szentkirályszabadja in late October/early November 1944, near Veszprém, following a 600 km death march back to Hungary.

Likely with the help of a Swiss “Schutzpass” (safety pass) due to the efforts by the director of his former employer as well as the tireless work by Carl Lutz (the Swiss diplomat from the Appenzellerland), Miklós was able to return to Budapest and his family on November 13th 1944, announcing “the milkman has arrived.” His stay was very short-lived, due to endless roundups and arrests in Budapest perpetrated by the Hungarian fascists, the Nyílas (“arrow cross”).

On November 28th, 1944, he once again was deported, following an assignment to a forced labor battalion, this time leaving by train from the Józsefváros station in Budapest, 81 persons crammed into each rail Waggon, heading to the forced labor camp Engerau (or Audorf, Petržalka, Pozsonyligetfalu, part of Bratislava) on the banks of the Danube, where he arrived in early December and remained, likely at the Wiesengasse location (1 of 7 subcamps), until late March 1945. Once again, due to the approach of the Soviet army from the east, on March 28th 1945, Himmler ordered all forced laborers along the “Südostwall (Southeastern Wall) to be moved to Mauthausen. A death march followed the next day on March 29th, 1945 from Engerau to Bad Deutsch-Altenburg on the Danube. There, the prisoners were forced onto three barges, tugged by the Alexandra, to endure a 7-day journey on the Danube to the port of Mauthausen, without food or water.

Following a brief stay in a tent camp on the northern edge of Mauthausen main camp due to overcrowding, he was once again forced on a 55 to 60 km death march, this time to the Gunskirchen camp, either on April 16/18th or April 26/28th, 1945. Finally, on May 4th, 1945, the 71st Infantry Division liberated Gunskirchen subcamp which at the time housed some 18,000 mostly Jewish-Hungarian prisoners – women, children, and men. Based on a victims list compiled by Arpad Klein (the former Hungarian foreman of the Wiesengasse subcamp at Engerau) at a court in Budapest (July 13, 1945), following the war, at the request of courts in Vienna, for the purpose of prosecuting Austrian Nazis and collaborators working at camp Engerau, Miklós was likely transported by US troops on one of 17 commandeered German trucks and associated personnel part of a captured medical company on May 6th or 7th, 1945 to a field hospital in Neubau (Gemeinde Hörsching), quickly installed by US troops, along with about 10,000 survivors (the rest was taken to Wels for shelter and care); 2,000 required hospitalization. There, like so many, he likely succumbed to typhoid fever, weakness, emaciation, and poor health, sometime in early June 1945.

Of 542 individuals interned at camp Engerau (of about 1,500 to 2,000 in total), closely studied and followed by Wartlik (2008, https://utheses.univie.ac.at/detail/1239) as part of his thesis, 427 Jewish-Hungarian men, mostly from Budapest, ultimately died as a consequence of their forced labor deportation, death marches, and camp internments, including Miklós. Neither his two sons, nor his wife, ever knew about his exact fate during their lifetime, following his second deportation from Budapest - only that he ended up in the Gunskirchen camp which they visited in 1957 following their successful flight from Soviet Hungary! At that time, they installed one of the earliest memorial plaques, which was later moved to the Quarantänehof at the Mauthausen main camp by the Austrian government in 1979.

 

Alexander T Vázsonyi, born 1964 in Michigan (USA), is the grandson of Miklós Vázsonyi, grew up in Michigan and the Appenzellerland (Switzerland), works as a Professor of Family Sciences, Professor of Psychology, and Professor of Sociology at the University of Kentucky, in Lexington, Kentucky (USA). His research focuses on the causes of deviance, crime, and violence.

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