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Erling Odd Berge 1911 - 1945 Edit

Born 7.1.1911 in Kristiansand
Died 12.2.1945 in Melk

Biography

 

Erling Odd Berge was born on 7 January 1911 in Kristiansand. His parents were factory owners Th. O. Berge and Pet Berge, née Emanuelsen. Erling married Gudrun, née Skjelbred. They had one son, Ole Odd, born on 10 March 1943.

Erling O. Berge worked as a managing clerk for the Esso oil company. Esso supplied the majority of the fuel for the German occupying forces in Norway. This was an agreement made between the German authorities and John D. Rockefeller Jr., the majority shareholder in Esso.

Because of this agreement, Erling O. Berge had information about the majority of the occupying force’s fuel depots in the southern part of Norway. This information was very important for Norway’s allies in England. And when, already shortly before 9 April,[1] Erling was contacted by a group with connections to the English authorities, all information was passed on to our allies. The result of this was that soon a direct link was established between Erling and the SOE (Special Operations Executive). He became the contact person for agents coming to Norway from England.

Erling made sure that the resistance movement in the Kristiansand area was supplied with the necessary petrol for its cars. Usually, all private cars were equipped with an incinerator (generator), which gave off a gas that was used as fuel. However, this significantly reduced engine performance. The cars of the resistance movement were therefore fitted with a generator as a disguise but in fact used petrol motors.

It was the delivery of petrol to the resistance movement that led to Erling’s denunciation and arrest on Saturday 12 June 1943. At the Gestapo headquarters in Kristiansand, the ‘Arkivet’, he was subject to a tough interrogation and tortured. According to the police report, he divulged no information despite the severe abuse. After some weeks in the ‘Arkivet’, Erling was transferred to a prison in Oslo and from there was taken to the Grini prison camp on the outskirts of Oslo. During his time at Grini, Erling’s wife and son were allowed to visit him once. It was the last time that he got to see his beloved Gudrun and their son, Ole Odd.

At the end of November 1943, Erling was selected for a transport to Germany, the so-called ‘long transport’. This began with a boat to Stettin then a train across Germany. The journey ended shortly before Christmas 1943 at Rothau station on the western side of the Vosges mountains. The destination was the Natzweiler concentration camp in the mountains. Only when they arrived did everyone on the transport discover that they were Nacht-und-Nebel (‘Night and Fog’) prisoners. This meant no contact with family or friends, and that no one was allowed to find out where they were. They were to toil in the quarry until they died, and none of their remains or ashes would be sent home to their relatives. They were to vanish in night and fog.

Following the invasion of France by the Allies, Naztweiler was evacuated. The prisoners who were still alive were transferred mainly to Dachau concentration camp, Erling among them. The stay at Dachau did not last long. A few days later, several Norwegians were transported to Mauthausen in Austria. Treatment in Natzweiler consisted of daily kicks and blows, but in Mauthausen it was as close to ‘hell on earth’ as it was possible to be. 186 steps down to the quarry, 186 steps carrying a heavy stone back up. There was no mercy. Those who couldn’t make it, who fell or stumbled, were either shot or pushed over the steep edge of the quarry.

‘Thank God’, thought the Norwegian prisoners at the end of September 1944, when they were called for another transport after just a couple of days; it couldn’t be worse than in Mauthausen. Erling was transferred with other prisoners to the Melk subcamp. The prisoners in Melk were to dig tunnels in the mountains to the west of the village of Roggendorf. Every morning they were transported there by train in open trucks and back in the evening. The accommodation in Melk leaked and was poor, the food was miserable and the transports as well as the dangerous work cost many their last strength.

Erling Odd Berge fell ill and was taken to the infirmary. He died there on 12 February 1945. Later the family was sent his death certificate by the Federal Ministry of the Interior in Vienna which stated that Erling had died of myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle.

In the book by Bertrand Perz, Das Projekt ‘Quarz’, we learn that Gottlieb Muzikant, a medical orderly, had been given orders to kill any prisoner who was not fit to work again within four days by an injection of petrol or air directly into the vein. The death certificate should state that the person had died of myocarditis.

Ole Odd Berge

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 



[1] Translator’s note: the German Wehrmacht began its occupation of Norway on 9 April 1940.

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