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Giuseppe Pagano Pogatschnig 1896 - 1945 Edit

Born 20.6.1896 in Parenzo / Poreč
Died 22.4.1945 in Mauthausen

Biography

Giuseppe Pagano Pogatschnig was one of the most important figures in Italian architecture in the 1930s. Born in Istria, he enlisted in the Italian army, even though he was a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After the First World War he became an adherent of Fascism. In its calls for revolution he saw a means of combating Italy’s backwardness. He completed his studies in Turin and realised his first projects there. In 1931 he moved to Milan in order to oversee the architectural journal La Casa Bella, later Casabella, in which he promoted rationalist architecture against the demonstrative monumentalism of the regime. The department of physics at the University of Rome and the headquarters of Bocconi University in Milan are his most important buildings. Towards the end of the 1930s, he started to realise that Fascism could not live up to his hopes. The war, in which he served in Albania and Greece, revealed to him the propagandistic character of an ideology doomed to fail. After his return he resigned from the party and was transferred to a naval engineering unit in Carrara. He made contact with the anti-Fascist underground organisations there. After the fall of Mussolini he fought on the side of the armed resistance, but on 9 November 1943 he was arrested and interned in Brescia. He spent eight months here, devoting himself both to the grand project of an experimental city and to preparing his escape, which he ultimately achieved with 260 other prisoners, taking advantage of the opportunity provided by a bombing raid. In Milan he renewed his contact with the organised resistance. In September he was re-arrested, this time detained in a prison known as the ‘Villa Triste’, where he withstood the guards’ torture methods with astonishing courage. The following month he was transferred to Milan prison. He realised that his fate was sealed in Italy. He therefore enlisted for a labour unit in Germany with the intention of escaping during the transport, but his attempt failed. On 22 November Pagano was imprisoned in Mauthausen with the red triangle of political prisoners. Ten days later he began forced labour in the tunnels of Melk. During a period in the infirmary he was able to continue his reflections on his vision for a humane city and a project for a prefabricated house. In late February he had to return to the forced labour in the tunnels, where he was repeatedly subjected to beatings by a guard. As a consequence he developed a severe case of pneumonia. In early April, after the closure of the Melk subcamp as a result of the Russian advance, he was transferred back to Mauthausen, where he died on 22 April 1945. A friend was able to take his valedictory letter to Italy.

He wrote to his wife: ‘Paola, I send you my love. It may be that our beautiful life together, so full of joy, is finally over. Be strong, don’t cry too much and be proud of my generous-spirited life. I am paying with my life... Do your best to regain your strength, and don’t let grief overcome you. Life will once more give you joy, and that will make me happy. Kiss our daughter from me: that she might see a better world.’

And to his friend: ‘Dear Palanti, this is the lament of your fraternal friend and colleague. The last message of the late GPP: it is highly probable that this double pneumonia will kill me. I think of you as a friend who can look after my intellectual legacy better than any other... I had so many dreams, so many plans and so many justified hopes. All gone! It is up to you to continue the path we have chosen in a good and better way. Farewell.’

 

Paola Franceschini

Translation into English: Joanna White

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