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Ибраш Крутаевич Кунтаев / Ibrasch Krutaewitsch Kuntaew 1907 - 1944 Edit

Born 25.1.1907 in Krutaya
Died 7.7.1944 in Hartheim

Biography

 

Ibrash Kuntaev was born on 25 January 1907 in Krutaya, a village in the Kamensk region of West Kazakhstan. He had two brothers. However, his parents and the middle of the three brothers died in 1921 during the famine that had broken out in the wake of the civil war. This made orphans of Ibrash and his eldest brother Kaiyrzhan.

During this period there were not only were Kazakhs living in Krutaya but also Russian Cossacks. Ibrash and Kaiyrzhan worked on the estate of the farmer (‘Kulak’) Antip Astrakhankin. There they prepared feed for the cattle and performed many other duties. Ibrash Kuntaev learned Russian on the farm, as well as to read and write.

When Kuntaev reached the age of military service he was drafted by the Red Army and served in the cavalry. His exceptional performance earned him the distinction of ‘Voroshilov’s Marksman’. In 1932 he married his wife Shokenai, ten years his junior. The marriage produced four children: three sons – Kussain (born 1934), Serik (born 1935), Azamat (born 1937) – and a daughter Altynshash (born 1939).

The year they got married the couple moved to the village of Semiglavyi Mar. For several years Kuntaev worked there as a warehouseman at a grain silo. After collectivisation of agriculture had been carried out in Krutaya, the Kuntaev family returned to the village. Ibrash Kuntaev was the only person there who could read and write and who spoke Russian. At first he was foreman of a field brigade but, in 1937, he rose to be chairman of the kolkhoz in Krutaya. Under Kuntaev’s leadership the kolkhoz achieved great success and became a model enterprise in the region.

At this time there was a shortage of labour – only 60 families lived in Krutaya – and therefore everyone, irrespective of age or sex, had to work in agriculture. At the same time, all the inhabitants of Krutaya were also members of the kolkhoz. Under Kuntaev’s leadership the village gained its first primary school which taught in Russian and its first kindergarten. In 1938 the kolkhoz received the first car in the region – to be used for official purposes.

Kuntaev’s eldest son, Kussain, can still remember how, in the late 1930s and early 1940s,  his parents and the other members of the kolkhoz would celebrate 1 May and 7 November (the day of the October Revolution) in the small club on the kolkhoz. Sporting competitions also took place on these occasions, wrestling for example. Kussain remembers his father as a strong and brave man who displayed particular skill in competitions on horseback and show sword-fighting.

Because of his organisational talent, Kuntaev was a highly respected figure in the kolkhoz. As the prosperity of the kolkhoz rose under his direction, its members were even able to go to the nearest large city, Uralsk, or to the nearby Russian cities of Samara and Orenburg, or even travel to Moscow to spend the money they had earned.

This peaceful way of life was interrupted by the Second World War and the attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941. Ibrash Kuntaev was one of the first to be called up. First he was sent to the Far East, then to the Western Front, where his cavalry unit took part in several battles. His index card from the prisoner of war camp lists his rank as sergeant. Ibrash Kuntaev did not return from a battle on 5 August 1943 in the region around Smolensk. This information was conveyed to his family shortly afterwards by his military comrades. Later his family received notification from the state authorities that Ibrash Kuntaev was missing in action. Until 2009 the family knew nothing about what had really happened to him.

The many attempts to get additional information from regional and national authorities, as well as independent archival research, drew a blank: all that anyone knew was that Ibrash Kuntaev had been reported missing in action. In 2009, however, his great-grandson Bakhtiyar found the name Ibrash Kuntaev on the internet listed among the prisoners of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Working with the memorial museums at Mauthausen and Hartheim, it was possible subsequently to determine the outlines of what had happened to Ibrash Kuntaev. It seems he had been taken prisoner during fighting near Smolensk – under what circumstances is unknown. Likewise there is no concrete information about the following months except that Kuntaev was held in the Kaisersteinbruch prisoner of war camp (Stalag XVII A) (in the municipality of Bruckneudorf in present-day Burgenland). From there he was sent to Mauthausen on 8 March 1944 for unknown reasons. On 25 March 1944 Kuntaev was transferred to the Ebensee subcamp, from where, on an unknown date, he was sent back to the ‘infirmary camp’ at Mauthausen. Therefore he must have been ill, completely exhausted or injured.

Officially, Ibrash Kuntaev died on 6 November 1944 in Mauthausen concentration camp of ‘circulatory insufficiency’. This date of death as well as the cause of death do not, however, correspond to reality but are falsifications carried out by the SS administration in order to cover up their actions. In reality, Ibrash Kuntaev was taken to Hartheim Castle and murdered there using poison gas – and in all probability as early as 7 July 1944. In order to disguise the extermination transports heading for Hartheim, not all the deaths were registered on the same day but were spread out over a longer period of time. On the basis of witness statements and documents created by the prisoner functionaries in Mauthausen, in Kuntaev’s case it is possible to establish his true date of death in July 1944.

70 years later his children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren finally knew the truth about the Soviet soldier, father and grandfather who was taken prisoner during the heroic defence of his homeland and who, after suffering the tortures of the concentration camp, died at the hands of the Fascists.

In June 2011, during a business trip to Italy, I was finally able to visit the Mauthausen Memorial. There I visited a memorial to the Soviet dead and I also went to Hartheim, where the mortal remains of my great-grandfather are located. During these visits I talked to staff at the memorial sites about my family’s plan to visit and about the possibility of erecting a memorial plaque.

The memorial museums in Mauthausen and Hartheim were very supportive, including helping with planning for the family’s trip to Austria. The Austrian embassy in Kazakhstan was contacted and an official invitation issued. It is well known how difficult it is for older people to gain a visa – Kuntaev’s eldest son Kussain was 77 years old at that time and his daughter Altynshash and her husband Amangeldy were 72.

In August 2011 the long-awaited day finally arrived for Ibrash Kuntaev’s descendants.

His eldest son Kussain, his daughter Altynshash and her husband, Amangeldy, as well as myself, his great-granddaughter, visited the memorials at Mauthausen and Hartheim. Words can hardly describe the emotion during this kind of long wished-for visit to places steeped in such a moving history.

In Hartheim Ibrash Kuntaev’s children put up a memorial plaque bearing his name and his picture. They also took earth from the burial site back to Kazakhstan and performed a ritual ‘re-interment’ near to the grave of his wife Shokenai in Krutaya.

There is also a memorial in the city of Uralsk (Kazakhstan) where the soldiers who took part or fell in the defence of their country are honoured. Their names – including that of Ibrash Kuntaev – are carved there in granite.

Kuntaev’s wife Shokenai, who remained in Krutaya with the four children, waited for her husband and died in 1999 at the age of 83 in her home village without ever knowing what had really happened to her husband. She overcame all the obstacles of a difficult life after the war and raised her four children despite hardships. The descendants of the Kuntaevs now number nine grandchildren, eleven great-grandchildren and four great-great-grandchildren.

We remember forever all victims of the Fascist concentration camps!

Sholpan Makhimova

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 

 

From: Florian Schwanninger/Irene Zauner-Leitner (ed.): Lebensspuren. Biografische Skizzen von Opfern der NS-Tötungsanstalt Hartheim [Signs of Life. Biographical Sketches of Victims of the Hartheim National Socialist Killing Facility] (Innsbruck/Vienna/Bolzano 2013), pp. 139–149.

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