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Michał Szabuniewicz 1903 - 1941 Edit

Born 6.1.1903 in Mińsk / Minsk
Died 21.7.1941 in Gusen

Biography

Michał was the son of Maria, née Rasmowski, and Aleksander Szabuniewicz. After the start of the Russian Revolution, he and his brother Alexander fled to the Białystok region at the instigation of their mother as a result of her fear that their aristocratic origins (Herb Ślepowron) would put them at risk. His mother, father and younger siblings remained on their father’s estate in Szabunia.

At the time of the re-establishment of Poland, Michał and Aleksander joined the emerging Porządek Publiczny (PP, ‘public order’). Michał started work at the PP police station in Giby (service number 3188); Aleksander at the PP unit in Grodno. Their further professional training took place in Mosty Wielkie, among other locations. Later, Michał was promoted to sergeant (service number 399) and shortly afterwards to superintendent. From 1928 he was chief of the state police in Wiżajny. That same year he married Maria Jaśkiewicz and lived with his wife in the police station in Wiżajny. Their daughter Irena was born in 1929, followed by their first son Tadeusz in 1930 and second son Roman in 1934.

In the period leading up to 1937 Michał Szabuniewicz served as commander of the police station in Wiżajny and was then appointed commander of the PP police station in Raczki, where he remained until the outbreak of war in 1939. All of his postings were situated in the province of Białystok and included orders to protect the security of border regions. He was repeatedly rewarded and, on three occasions, decorated for his exemplary service: with the bronze Order of Merit, the tenth anniversary independence medal and a bronze medal for long service.

After the start of the war on 1 September 1939 he stayed in Raczki and worked as a labourer at the mill. On 20 April 1940 he was arrested during the operation to annihilate the Polish intelligentsia (Intelligenzaktion). After being taken to the police station where he had been commander of the PP before the war, my grandfather saw a Gestapo officer sitting at his desk. The Gestapo officer offered him the opportunity to join the police, but my father refused. Then they brought his three children in, and in their presence the Gestapo officer stated to my grandfather that he had to agree to this proposal, otherwise his children and his wife would die, because they would have no other source of income. My grandfather resolutely refused.

They then transported him to the Suwałki prison. After several days in Suwałki all detainees were transported to a transit camp in Działdowo. On 4 May 1940 Michał Szabuniewicz was taken with a group of 150 people to the quarantine area at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was given prisoner number 24737. On 1 June 1940 he was taken in the second transport from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp to the newly-built Gusen camp. Initially he was given prisoner number 24737 and was housed in Room A of Block 12. In November 1940 he was moved to Block 5, Room B. In his letter of 9 March 1941 he was already in Block 9, Room A and gave his new prisoner number as 2940. In his subsequent letters dated 25 May and 13 July 1941 he wrote that he was healthy. In late July his family learned that Michał Szabuniewicz was dead. He died at 7am on 21 July 1941.

In April 1941 the district secretary, Mr. Kwiatkowski, who had been arrested along with my grandfather in April 1940, returned from the Gusen concentration camp to Raczki. He told us that my grandfather had suffered from health problems during his work in the stone quarries (phlegmon). Sadly, he had no other information about Michał. After this short visit he went away and we never saw him again.

In the camp files Michał Szabuniewicz’s cause of death is given as pulmonary tuberculosis, which is highly improbable in the light of his fellow prisoner’s information.

On 20 April 1940 many officers of the state police in Suwalki, both those in active service and those in retirement, were arrested. My grandfather is one of the few to be commemorated with a plaque at the concentration camp memorial in Gusen, and I am proud that members of our family were able to decide on a fitting form of remembrance for the death of Michał Szabuniewicz.

 

Włodzimierz Maruszak

Translation into English: Joanna White

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