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Marcel Lacroix 1926 - 1945 Edit

Born 6.7.1926 in Pont-à-Mousson
Died 30.3.1945 in Gusen

Biography

Marcel Lacroix, born in 1926, and Stéphane Lewandowski, born in 1925, are among the few Frenchmen to be deported to Mauthausen only after they had experienced the heady feeling of having liberated France.

As residents of the town of Pont-à-Mousson in Lorraine, in eastern France, they bore arms against the National Socialist occupying forces. After the liberation of Pont-à-Mousson they fought at the front, side by side with the army of the United States of America, on the banks of the Moselle, where they were captured at the beginning of September 1944. Having initially been held together for several weeks in German prisons, they bumped into one another again after a separation of three months on a Sunday afternoon in the Mauthausen ‘main camp’.

Stéphane Lewandowski recounts (January 2015):

‘We lived in Pont-à-Mousson in the same district and had attended the same schools since kindergarten. After school I became a metalworker and Marcel was employed in a horse butcher’s. During the occupation we all, everyone as best he could, supported the resistance, and in 1944 as part of the armed resistance struggle in the Pont-à-Mousson region, which we liberated.

After the liberation of Pont-à-Mousson we fought the Germans in Lorraine, side by side with the Americans, at the front. On 9 September 1944 Marcel Lacroix and André Biquillon shot an artillery lieutenant who was in charge of a German guard unit. Subsequently they were taken prisoner and taken behind enemy lines, to a shed where Allied soldiers were being held, Americans and Frenchmen who had fallen into captivity during the fighting. Under these circumstances we met again. He confided to me that he and his comrade expected to be shot very soon. This wasn’t the case. But a few days later a German soldier who had been released by the Allies as part of a prisoner exchange recognised Marcel and accused him of various acts of violence. And again Marcel believed that his final hour had come. But it didn’t arrive and we and André Cavajani remained together for some weeks, four resistance fighters from Pont-à-Mousson who, bearing arms, had been taken prisoner by the Wehrmacht as the war was ending.

We were taken to Saarbrücken, then transferred to Limburg to Stalag XII-A, where the commandant refused to take in the ‘French terrorists’. Here we were separated from the American soldiers and taken to the Gestapo prison, where Marcel and I shared a cell. After several weeks in Frankfurt am Main and after several days’ journey by train our group (some thirty “French terrorists”) were transferred from one prison to the next. On 30 November 1944 we arrived in Mauthausen without Marcel.

At the end of January 1945, when I was in the main camp in Block 10, which we, the prisoners, called “the free camp”, I learned of Marcel’s presence in quarantine. He arrived on 9 January 1945. On Sunday, the day off, entry to the Block was allowed during the day and those from the “free camp”, like myself, were granted the privilege of fetching in inmate out of quarantine for a short time.

I went through a door guarded by a kapo, surrounded by barbed wire, which closed off the roll call area from the entrance to quarantine, and asked the block elder of Block 16 to fetch my friend. I was allowed to take my friend, who had arrived in Mauthausen six weeks after me, with me to the “free camp” for a few moments. At this point in time he was in a much better state of health than myself. We talked for a long time and from his experience as a butcher, Marcel gave us advice about buying the horse meat that we had seen on the black market. I took Marcel back to the quarantine area and we parted in the hope of seeing each other again the following Sunday.

We never saw each other again. On 14 February 1945 he was transferred to the Gusen branch camp to work as a labourer on the “Bergkristall” construction site. According to the Gusen death register, from 5am onwards on 30 March 1945, 16 inmates died in less than an hour. For twelve other prisoners the cause of death in Gusen II was given as a “weak heart”. Marcel Lacroix – my childhood friend – was 18 years old.’

In memory of Marcel Lacroix

The life of Marcel Lacroix is documented on the website of the memorial book of the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation and on the Troisième Mounment website of the Amicale de Mauthausen.

In Pont-à-Mousson, the name ‘Marcel Lacroix’ and those of the 31 armed resistance fighters from Pont-à-Mousson from the F.F.I. (French Forces of the Interior) units who died in the fight against Nazism are engraved in gold on the war memorial ‘To the Dead of the Resistance’.

In Mauthausen the name ‘Marcel Lacroix’ appears in the bronze heart at the top of the French memorial. He is among the names of the 4,665 Frenchmen murdered in the camps of Mauthausen to have been made known in 1949.

 

Stéphane Lewandowski / Patrice Lafaurie

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

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