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Oldřich Pechal 1913 - 1942 Edit

Born 12.5.1913 in Osvětimany
Died 22.9.1942 in Mauthausen

Biography

On 22 September 1942, First Lieutenant Oldřich Pechal, commander of the ‘Zinc’ parachute unit, was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp. On the same day he was hanged in accordance with the verdict of the extraordinary court martial in Brno of 30 June 1942.

Oldřich Pechal was born on 12 May 1913 in Osvětimany in the Kyjov region, present-day Hodonín, the son of the gamekeeper Josef Pechal and his wife Anna Pechalová (née Hložková). He grew up with his two younger siblings in the nearby village of Vřesovice.

After gaining his school leaving certificate from the secondary school in Kyjov he decided to become a professional soldier. He enrolled at the military academy in Hranice, leaving in 1937 with the rank of infantry lieutenant. During his service in the Mountain Infantry Regiment in Slovakia he made friends with two similarly patriotic soldiers and, in May 1939, he crossed the border with them in order to fight against the National Socialists. He travelled via Poland to France, where he initially joined the Foreign Legion. After the outbreak of the Second World War he was incorporated into the Czechoslovak army in exile in France. After the defeat of France he escaped with other soldiers to Britain, where he was seconded to a machine gun company as an officer without command duties.

Having decided to take active part in the fighting, he volunteered to carry out special missions in his home country. He passed a paratrooper course and was selected as commander of the three-man parachute unit codenamed ‘Zinc’ with a mission to establish an intelligence-gathering network in Moravia. On 28 March 1942 the group was dropped in Gbely in Slovakia as a result of a navigation error. The paratroopers split up after the jump. Commander Oldřich Pechal crossed the border from Slovakia into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia alone. He was stopped at the small Radějovka rive by two border police, who checked his documents and decided to take him to the station house.

Confronted with this critical situation, Pechal shot one of the customs officers and fatally injured the second. Because another patrol was nearby, he did not have time to take back his identity card with the school leaving certificate that was inside it. When the paratroopers reconvened at the agreed address – that of Pechal’s parents – the Gestapo already knew his true identity.

First Lieutenant Oldřich Pechal was also keen, under highly adverse conditions, to carry out his assigned mission and start sending intelligence to London. The local resistance fighters put him in contact with people they believed were resistance members but who were, unbeknown to them, informants for the Brno Gestapo. As a result, Oldřich Pechal was lured to a meeting in a cabin by the Kníničky Dam Reservoir (known today as the Brno Dam Reservoir).

Despite going to great lengths, the Gestapo did not manage to win Pechal’s full trust and did not obtain the information they desired. They therefore decided to wait for a suitable moment to arrest Pechal. Finally, while Pechal was being served refreshments, some Gestapo men jumped on him. Putting up determined resistance, he even managed to rid himself of his handcuffs twice and seriously injure some of his attackers but ultimately, he succumbed to their superior numbers.

He was taken to the Kounice student halls of residence in Brno,[1] held in solitary confinement and subjected to a series of brutal interrogations. He demonstrated great personal courage, resolute will, fortitude and high moral qualities under inhuman conditions. While detained he learned about the execution of his family, which took place under the window of his cell. The surviving interrogation transcripts prove that he did not disclose any important information, despite an unequal and doomed struggle; to the contrary, he often gave false information that set the interrogators on the wrong tracks. He was ultimately deported to Mauthausen, and thus ended the life of First Lieutenant Oldřich Pechal, professional soldier and true patriot.

Růžena Trunečková

 

Sources:

Národní archiv PrahaNationales, fonds OVS/KT-OVS, Mauthausen ‘Book of the dead’, 2nd part, inv, no. 39, box 29.

Moravský zemský archiv v Brně, fonds 100, sign. 301-22, Verdict of the extraordinary summary court in Brno of 30 June 1942 – Oldřich Pechal.

Copy of the birth certificate of Oldřich Pechal, issued by the municipal office in Osvětimany in 1995, Family archive of Jiřina Vaculíková, niece of Olřich Pechal.

Vojenský historický archiv Praha, fonds 37, sign. 351-1-3, Military identity card list D 30/1 – Oldřich Pechal.

Vojenský historický archiv Praha, fonds 37, sign. 351-4, Report on the training of the Zinc group by the commander of the 2nd Division on 24 February 1942.

Archiv bezpečnostních složek, fonds 302, sign. 302-81-5, Brno, 15 June 1942: Copy made by the Gestapo of the transcript in German of the interrogation of Oldřich Pechal, carried out under the direction of Oberkriminalkommissar Siegfried Pribyl.

Archiv bezpečnostních složek, fonds 2M, sign. 12320, Copy of proceedings with Wolfgang Dyck, produced in Brno on 26 November 1945.

Translation into English: Joanna White

 



[1] Translator’s note: the Kounice student halls of residence in Brno were used as a police prison and execution site from the first summary court on 28 September 1941 onwards. By the end of the war over 800 people had been executed there. 

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