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Julius Baumann 1898 - 1942 Edit

Born 13.1.1898 in Stuttgart
Died 1.10.1942 in Mauthausen

Biography

A Jewish Sportsman from Stuttgart

Julius Baumann was born on 20 January 1898 in Stuttgart, the son of Jewish husband and wife Heinrich Baumann and Fernanda, née Oppenheimer. He was a businessman, never married, and enjoyed a reputation as an outstanding sportsman who also worked as a referee for the Stuttgarter Kickers. However, after the Nazi seizure of power, on 9 April 1933 the chairmen of 14 top south German sports clubs agreed to an initiative put forward by the Kickers to remove Jewish members from their clubs. From then on Baumann’s sporting activities were limited to Jewish clubs and associations. He found another sphere for his talents at the ‘Jewish Sports School’, established in 1935 as part of cultural exclusion measures. During the summer holidays he organised extracurricular residential holidays in the woods for Jewish children.

When the Gestapo started to force the expulsion of the Jewish population after the November pogrom in 1938, Baumann decided against emigration – despite being offered an opportunity to go to England – in order to keep working for the Jewish communities who had remained in their home country.

Baumann started to work with the Jewish Community in Stuttgart. And he did so at a time when it was already completely under Gestapo control. Thus during the first deportation from Württemberg and Hohenzollern on 1 December 1941, in which over 1,000 Jewish people were deported to Riga, the so-called Kommando Baumann was responsible for baggage transport. Baumann’s sister Berta and her husband were also among the deportees, neither of whom survived. As an employee of the Jewish Community, Julius Baumann was not himself among those designated for the first deportations.

When, in 1941/1942, the Jewish population was forced to move into ‘Jew Houses’ and old people’s homes in the country, Baumann was tasked with carrying out the necessary furniture moves with the help of a removals firm. He used this as a cover to supply Jewish people with additional food rations. He instructed a non-Jewish worker at the firm – Wilhelm Müller – to purchase large quantities of food at the Stuttgart market hall two to three times a week. This was then distributed using the removal van driving to the resettlement locations. Employees of the Jewish Community also received fruit, vegetables and fish. When the police found out that Müller was delivering goods from the market to the Jewish Community centre in early summer 1942, he was temporarily detained and finally, after loading up a hand cart with vegetables again, he was taken into custody at the end of July 1942. During questioning by the Gestapo, Müller explained that he had not been acting of his own accord but, as was the truth, on Baumann’s instructions. Baumann was immediately arrested. Müller was sent to Dachau for around six months. For Baumann there initially seemed to be some hope, since he was on familiar terms with the official dealing with the case at the Jewish department of the Stuttgart Gestapo headquarters, a man named Amthor, whom Baumann knew from their time together at the Kickers. Nevertheless, Baumann was sent to the Mauthausen concentration camp, where he was shot while allegedly ‘attempting to escape’ on 1 October 1942.

Roland Maier

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 

Sources:

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg EL 350 I Bü 4105, Bü 38594; EL 903/2 Bü 2.

www.stolpersteine-stuttgart.de.

 

References:

 

Ingrid Bauz et al. (ed.): Die Geheime Staatspolizei in Württemberg und Hohenzollern [The Gestapo in Württemberg and Hohenzollern] (Stuttgart 2013), p. 287f.

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