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Mathias Bauer 1896 - 1940 Edit

Born 19.10.1896 in Eisenstadt
Died 14.1.1940 in Mauthausen

Biography

Mathias Bauer, a business man from Eisenstadt, unmarried, died on 14 January 1940 in Mauthausen concentration camp at the age of 43. He had been taken by the Gestapo into ‘preventative custody’ and imprisoned in the concentration camp after he was sentenced for ‘same sex offences’. He did not survive long in the concentration camp.

On 3 July 1939, having served his prison sentence at the prison of Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Cases II, he was immediately transferred to the police prison at Rossauerlände. As was usual in such cases, the Gestapo’s ‘request for back transfer’ had been received by the court together with the criminal charge at the beginning of criminal proceedings. For Bauer, the outcome of these had been relatively mild:

On 3 February 1939, Mathias Bauer was arrested in his apartment in Eisenstadt by officers of the Wiener Neustadt branch of the Gestapo. During interrogation, another man had stated that he had had homosexual relations with Mathias Bauer, among others – it was usual for the Gestapo to investigate based on the so-called ‘snowball principle’ and follow every trail to further ‘fellow deviants’. Mathias Bauer confessed from the beginning. He admitted to having had a number of homosexual relations with several men over a lengthy period of time and to having homosexual tendencies. All his sexual relations had been consensual and with adult men. This was never a point of contention for the authorities. The material offerings that some of his partners occasionally received from him were not enough for the authorities to investigate on charges of prostitution as well. However, one of Bauer’s sexual partners repeatedly extorted money from him by threatening to inform the authorities about his sexual behaviour. As a result, this man was then also prosecuted for blackmail.

The Gestapo often used beatings and torture to get a confession out of someone. That Bauer gave his statement under torture cannot be ruled out, yet he maintained his plea in court when represented by a defence lawyer of his choice. His integrity and his ‘full and unreserved confession’, as the judge put it, eventually resulted in a relatively mild sentence: five months’ imprisonment under harsh conditions, of which around half had already been served in custody. Based on this confession, it seemed to the judge that Bauer was ‘capable of betterment’, as he underlined in his verdict. Bauer’s openness had the opposite effect on the Gestapo officers in charge. It is clear that, to them, by admitting his homosexual tendencies and living out his sexuality, he appeared as a threat to the ‘Volksgemeinschaft’ (‘people’s community‘). For this reason he was locked away again as a preventative measure after having already served his court-ordered prison term. Marked as a ‘homosexual’ and middle-aged, Mathias Bauer barely stood a chance of survival in the concentration camp. He died just a few months after his arrival. In a document written by the commandant to Vienna Regional Court II, who wanted to question Bauer in a case against one of his sexual partners, no cause of death is mentioned.

Criminal proceedings against homosexuals continued. Even after the end of the National Socialist regime, the courts continued undiminished. Not until 2005 were homosexuals recognised as victims of the National Socialist regime under the Victims’ Welfare Law. However, in Austria no single person has ever been awarded the status of a homosexual victim of National Socialism under this law.

Johann Karl Kirchknopf

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 

Sources:

Wiener Staat- und Landesarchiv (WStLA), Landesgericht für Strafsachen, Strafverfahren gegen Mathias Bauer [Criminal procedure against Mathias Bauer], A11 – Vr-Strafakten: LG 2, 711/1939.

 

WStLA, Gestapo, K1, Gestapo-Kartei [Gestapo card index]: Mathias Bauer.

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