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Ludwig Ferneböck 1882 - 1942 Edit

Born 7.7.1882 in Wien
Died 16.12.1942 in Mauthausen

Biography

The little I know of my great uncle I picked up at home or found out a couple of years ago through documents held at the Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance. They also have the two or three letters there that husband and wife Ludwig and Amalie Ferneböck were allowed to exchange in late autumn 1942, after Ludwig had been arrested by Gestapo officers and imprisoned at Vienna’s regional court. The letters had been left to the archive by my great aunt Amalie, née Pölzer. She was a regular visitor at our house in Sittendorf and enjoyed talking about her life at Ludwig’s side, so there was no lack of opportunity for asking her about the exact circumstances surrounding his arrest. But I shrank from doing so; I knew how deeply she had loved him and I didn’t want to hurt Aunt Maltschi, as we called her.

The pair were very different in age and background. Ludwig Ferneböck, born in 1882, came from a wealthy family – his father had owned a shoe factory – and he had a much younger sister by the name of Hansi, whom he liked to spoil. He was considered fun-loving, was handsome and was particular about his appearance. Having attended a traditional grammar school he studied law and worked at a bank after receiving his doctorate, probably the Länderbank. As its representative, he was a joint authorised signatory and board member of the Küfferle chocolate factory from 1925 to 1936. It is possible that before his banking career he had been a high-ranking civil servant, which would explain why he held the title of Ministerialrat (undersecretary). For the 1921 referendum on the question of whether Burgenland should remain in Hungary or join with Austria he was chief returning officer for the Ödenburg/Sopron district. And he was a member of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party.

He and my great aunt met at the beginning of the twenties in the offices of Chancellor Karl Renner. Maltschi was seventeen years his junior and came from a legendary social-democratic working-class family. A social housing block in the Favoriten district is named after her father, the ‘people’s champion’ Johann Pölzer, and the Amalienbad swimming pool after her mother. At barely twenty years old, she herself had become Renner’s secretary, in which capacity she had been present at the peace negotiations in Saint-Germain. Ludwig and Maltschi married soon after their first meeting. My great aunt resigned from her job and was a housewife from then on. The marriage remained childless, possibly by design, since both liked to go out, to go to the theatre, to the opera, had a wide and well-educated circle of acquaintances and enjoyed life to the full. In my family it was said of Ludwig that he was charming and not averse to extra-marital affairs. In the only photo I’ve seen of him, he is wearing a bow tie. He has an attractive round head, a bald patch, a crown of white hair, and neither moustache nor beard. He must have been about fifty or fifty-five years old when the photo was taken.

My father told us that as a school-boy, he was often invited to dine with Uncle Ludwig and Aunt Maltschi on a Sunday. The procedure was always the same: after the meal, Ludwig insisted on retiring to the study with his fifteen- or sixteen-year-old nephew to enjoy a cigar. My great aunt’s protests that the boy was too young to smoke fell on deaf ears. Ludwig also placed great importance on education and paid for my father’s English lessons. When the German Wehrmacht marched in, he was already a pensioner.

I’ve often asked myself why, after the annexation of Austria, Ludwig didn’t flee abroad – like his sister. According to the Nuremberg Race Laws he was a half-Jew, and from his many Jewish acquaintances alone he would immediately have recognised the danger. Perhaps he harboured the illusion that nothing would happen to him personally because of his service in the army in the First World War. Or be believed that his marriage to a so-called Aryan would protect him from persecution. For four and a half years he did indeed remain untouched. The reason for his arrest in October 1942 is unclear. As a Social Democrat, Ludwig’s attitudes were antifascist and he never denied his convictions. But there is no evidence that he was active in the resistance. It is conceivable that he expressed himself disparagingly about the Nazi regime. The most likely guess is that he was denounced by a neighbour who had her eye on Ludwig and Maltschi’s lovely apartment at Schwindgasse 14, Apt. 8. For after his arrest, my great aunt was informed that he would be released if she vacated the apartment. She agreed to the request and was assigned an apartment in Schmelzgasse, in the Leopoldstadt district, which she had to share with three other women, without exception the wives of Jewish men. During my research I discovered that even at the time of his arrest, a Gestapo document listed this apartment as Ludwig Ferneböck’s address. While moving out of the Schwindgasse apartment, my grandmother, who was there, remembers that a neighbour turned up to – in her words – view the apartment, getting worked up about loose or damaged wallpaper in the process.

Ludwig died on 16 December 1942, barely three weeks after his transfer from the Vienna regional court to Mauthausen concentration camp. Of pneumonia, as the camp commandant informed my great aunt. The body was cremated on 19 December at the municipal crematorium. The urn, which claimed to contain his ashes, was blessed according to Old Catholic rites in February 1943 and interred at the Matzleinsdorferplatz Protestant Cemetery in Vienna’s 10th district in the Ferneböck family grave.

After the liberation of the concentration camp, the clerk responsible for the death register, a former prisoner, reported that he had placed a dot in the death register after the place of birth for all those whose cause of death had been falsified and who, in reality, had been murdered. This was also the case for Ludwig.

On the day before his deportation, Ludwig had written that did not know what he was actually being accused of since he had not yet been questioned. He was obviously in good spirits and asked Maltschi to drop off warm clothing for him. My great aunt replied: ‘That you are being sent away is the toughest blow and I fear for your health. Don’t worry about me, I can bear anything if I know that we can be together again. Life without you is not worth living and if I didn’t have the hope that we would see each other again, I would be rid of it today rather than tomorrow.’

In a second marriage, Aunt Maltschi was married to Otto Strauss, the brother of one of her fellow residents from the Schmelzgasse. Strauss died after six years of a heart attack. From then on she lived alone. Soon after liberation in 1945 she met a survivor from Mauthausen. The man told her than he had worked with Ludwig in the quarry. Plagued with frostbite, he was at the end of his strength. ‘I can’t keep going. I’m going to the infirmary.’ – ‘Don’t do it. Those who go in don’t come out alive.’ – ‘It’s not a life any more anyway’, Ludwig Ferneböck replied.

From everything I know about him, he was a very dignified man. I cling therefore to the idea that it was dignity that prevented him from fighting for his own survival.

 

Eva Nagl-Pölzer

 

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

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