Alfons Haid 1883 - 1940 Edit
Born 18.11.1883 in Wien
Died 3.2.1940 in Mauthausen
Biography
Alfons Haid was born on 18 November 1883 in Gablitz near Vienna and lived in Austria until 1909. At first he worked as a casual labourer in industry and agriculture before finally becoming a brewer.
In 1909 he took to the road on a journey that led him to the German Reich. In 1910 he followed his brother, the machine turner Joseph Haid (1882–1943), to the Württemberg industrial city of Schramberg. From 1910 to 1912 he worked in the Schramberger Uhrfedernfabrik (S.U.) (a factory for clock parts) and after another period on the road finally settled permanently in Schramberg in 1914. The two brothers had already been members of the Austrian Social Democrats in their former home and now joined the SPD (Socialist Party of Germany) in their new home.
In 1915 in Schramberg, Alfons Haid married Emma Grieshaber (1896–1976) from Zunsweier in Baden. Shortly afterwards he was called up into the Austro-Hungarian army, but soon dismissed again due to his short-sightedness. As a casual labourer he had several employers over the following period. In 1930 he became unemployed and was ultimately forced to live on welfare support. His marriage, which produced a daughter, ended in divorce in 1926.
At the end of the First World War he switched from the SPD to the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and, at the start of the Weimar Republic, to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He was very active politically, belonged to several Communist organisations and from 1931 was in charge of the periodical Der Rote Wecker (The Red Alarm Clock).
During the National Socialist era he was arrested for the first time on 10 March 1933. First he was taken to the Heuberg protective custody camp and later to the Kuhberg protective custody camp, where he was released on 28 March 1934. On 5 May 1934 he was sentenced to a four month prison term for defamation and illegal possession of firearms. However, an amnesty meant he did not have to serve the sentence. On 16 October 1934 he lost the German citizenship he had been granted on 3 November 1919.
Due to his part in rebuilding the local KPD group in Schramberg, he was arrested again on 30 December 1934 and sentenced on 16 October 1935 by the Stuttgart higher regional court for the ‘crime of plotting to commit treason’ to a prison sentence of one year and ten months, which he served until 16 November 1936 in the Rottenburg am Neckar state prison.
On 3 November 1936 the interior minister of Württemberg ordered a renewed period of protective custody. Alfons Haid was taken first to the Welzheim protective custody camp and, on 19 December 1936, from there to Dachau concentration camp (prisoner number 11205). On 27 September 1939 he was transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp, where he died already on 3 February 1940.
His comrade Franz Armbruster (1898–1978) from Schramberg later reported to his family: ‘He was working in the quarry, collapsed, but was still breathing.’ He then thought he was killed in the gas chamber but as this was not yet operational by that point, it can be assumed that he either died of exhaustion or was murdered by the SS.
His name is on the ‘Memorial to the Victims of Fascism’ which was erected in 1946 by the local branch of the KPD in Schramberg. His biography was included in the brochure ‘The concentration camp victims of National Socialism in Schramberg’, published in 1982 by the district town of Schramberg.
Carsten Kohlmann
Translation into English: Joanna White