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Miguel Bueno Gil Edit

Born 1873 in Moros
Died 18.8.1944 in Hartheim

Biography

Originally from the province of Zaragosa, Miguel worked in Andalusia, where he came into contact with the libertarian movement and the union Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). Between 1916 and 1920, the Bueno family settled in Berga in the Province of Barcelona. Miguel made a name for himself through his activities in the revolutionary anarcho-syndicalist movement. In January 1932 he and several miners barricaded themselves inside a building and used firearms and explosives in a confrontation with security forces. He was immortalised, to some extent, in the stories of the revolutionary movement in various newspapers that were published by the workers in Catalonia. Miguel was represented in the press as a dangerous ringleader of the revolutionary movement.

He was arrested and had to wait for his trial, which was not due to start right away. In early 1934 it was announced that the prosecution brought by the military court against the six prisoners from Berga had been thrown out. Miguel was the only one of the accused to remain in prison. On 7 June 1934 he was sentenced by the military council to life imprisonment, but soon benefitted from an amnesty declared by the government.

At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War he travelled through several villages in the region. He commanded a lorry that was protected by mattresses and was loaded with several machine guns, fighting for the victory of the revolutionary forces – which led to his group being known as the ‘Bueno Gang’. His daughter Alfonsina married Josep Ester, who went on to be an important figure in Berga when he became a founding member of the local anti-Fascist committee. Miguel’s younger son José Bueno had been born in 1924 in Berga, worked in the mines and was, like his father, an anarcho-syndicalist.

All of them – Miguel, José, Alfonsina, her husband and their very young daughter went into exile in early 1939. Two years later they were part of the ‘Pat O’Leary’ refugee network in Francisco Ponzán’s group. In October 1943 the Gestapo managed to find the house in Banyuls that Ponzán had let to the family for use as an organisational base. Both Miguel and his son José were arrested; later Alfonsina and her husband were too. The four were deported in the first week of April: the three men to Mauthausen and Alfonsina to Ravensbrück.

The transport that took Miguel to Mauthausen started on 8 April 1944 in the northern French town of Compiègne. He was registered under a false identity with the surname ‘Solano García’, was assigned prisoner number 62404 and died eight months later, on 8 August, by gassing at Hartheim Castle. In early 1945 Alfonsina was evacuated from Ravensbrück and brought to Mauthausen in a women’s convoy, where there was a moving reunion with her husband. Both regained their liberty. Her brother was freed a few days later. They went back into exile in France. Alfonsina’s health was badly damaged – a result of the medical experiments to which she was subjected during her incarceration. She was decorated as a resistance fighter by the British, US and French authorities. She died in 1979 in Toulouse.

 

Amical de Mauthausen y otros campos y de todas las víctimas del Nazismo en España

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

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