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Светолик Драгачевац / Svetolik Dragačevac 1883 - 1942 Edit

Born 15.4.1883 in Požega Užička
Died 9.7.1942 in Mauthausen

Biography

Svetolik Dragačevac was born on 15 April 1883 as the third child of Maksim Dragačevac in Požega Užička. After completing his primary school education he spent some years assisting his father in business. At the age of 15 he joined the police force in his home town as a trainee and, after passing the sergeant’s exam, was employed there. He was appointed to a post in Skopje, where he remained until the city was evacuated in 1915. While on the island of Corfu he was called up for military service but illness prevented him from reporting for duty. Instead of seeing action in World War One he was transported to Corsica, where he remained until the end of the war.

After his return to Serbia he resumed his career in the police force, working as the county head of police in several cities. He ended his police service in Paraćin, where he retired in 1933. Until 1935 he was a member of the Serbian Democratic Party, then a member of the executive committee of the Yugoslav Radical Union, for whom he campaigned as an agitator and speaker. His political activities came to an end two years before the war.

On 25 March 1941, as the Yugoslavian government was approving Cvetković-Maček’s signing of the ‘Tripartite Pact’, the retired police officer Svetolik Dragačevac sent a letter to Adolf Hitler. He was prevented from sending the letter as a telegram because the postal worker refused to send such a message. The letter arrived in Berlin on 1 April and was translated into German.

The task force in Belgrade added Dragačevac to the special wanted list for Yugoslavia. When news reached Berlin of the overthrow of the Yugoslav government and the rejection of the Tripartite Pact, Hitler altered his war plans and ordered reprisals for the demonstrations taking place in Belgrade and other cities and towns in Serbia. People had been protesting there under banners such as ‘Better war than pact’ and ‘Better the grave than a slave’. Belgrade was declared an open city but was subjected to days of bombing with no declaration of war. On 6 April 1941, Nazi troops began a brutal blitzkrieg, advancing relentlessly and occupying Serbia.

The order for Svetolik Dragačevac’s arrest was issued by Gestapo headquarters. Svetolik, the first citizen of Paraćin to be arrested, had celebrated the dispatch of his letter with music and marching songs. He was denounced by his fellow citizen Jozef Paulus, an ethnic German who became the new mayor of Paraćin after the establishment of the occupation administration. A translation of the letter by the retired police officer was sent from the ‘Office of the Führer’ of the NSDAP to the Security Service (SD) of the Reich IV D 4, and on 16 May 1941 the SD were ordered to take all necessary measures and advised to arrest the undersigned.

Dragačevac was interrogated at the police prison in Belgrade. The Gestapo wanted to know whether Svetolik was part of an organisation or whether he was the letter’s only author. Following his interrogation, the operational command of the Belgrade Security Police (Sipo) and the Security Service (SD) were of the verdict that, for the letter in which he had grossly insulted the Führer of the Greater German Reich, Svetolik be sent on the next prisoner transport leaving for Reich territory and deported to a concentration camp.

After interrogation, Dragačevac was sent to Graz prison on 4 July 1941. On 23 January 1942 he arrived at Mauthausen concentration camp and was assigned prisoner number 3109. From a telegram sent to the task force in Belgrade it appears that he died of ‘peritonitis’ on 9 July 1942 in Mauthausen concentration camp and was cremated; it also requests his wife Jelena be informed.

A few years ago, the brave step taken by a patriot to send an insulting and defiant letter to Adolf Hitler caught the interest of the Serbian public. In 2013 a staged documentary film was made about Svetolik. A street in Paraćin is named after him.

Tamara Ćirić-Danilović / Ljubomir Zečević

 

Udruženje zatočenika koncentracionog logora Mauthauzen Srbije

 

Translation into English: Joanna White 

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