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Filippo D'Agostino 1885 - 1944 Edit

Born 15.3.1885 in Gravina
Died 14.7.1944 in Hartheim

Biography

Filippo D’Agostino was a railway official. As an important politician of his time, he and his wife Rita Majerotti were involved in founding the Communist Party of Italy (Congress of Livorno). Furthermore, he was very well known as a union representative for agricultural workers in Apulia. In 1922 he was dismissed from the railway on political grounds. As a municipal councillor in Bari he was denounced for challenging the authority of the state. In February 1923 he went into hiding. From 1924 to 1926 he was a member of the leading apparatus of the Communist Party of Italy. On 24 November 1926 he was arrested and, along with 16 other militants, was found guilty of setting up a communist organisation and exiled for five years to the islands of Ustica, Favignana and Ponza.

In March 1927 he was handed over to a special court and sentenced to four years’ imprisonment. As a well-educated man, the former railway official and later journalist was considered one of the leading figures in the underground union organisations. As a revolutionary unionist, he was the leader of the Camera del Lavoro (Chamber of Labour) in Bari, to where he had moved from Gravina. But he always remained attached to his home town. He never stopped taking an active role in the political disputes there. With his wife, Rita Majerotti, whom he had married in 1918, he was among the first to become a dedicated ‘Terzisti’, as those who joined the ranks of the 3rd Communist International and ultimately the Communist Party of Italy under Gramsci and Bordiga were known. He devoted his life to both the Labour Union of Bari, whose general secretary he became, and the Communist Party.

Fearing reprisals, he left Apulia in 1923 and moved to Trieste, where he worked as editor of the daily newspaper Il lavoratore comunista (The Communist Worker). After he was accused that same year of an attack on state security, he fled abroad and found refuge first in Switzerland, then in London and finally in Russia. The warrant for his arrest was dropped and D’Agostina returned to Italy, settling in Rome. However, he then fled to Nancy in France, where he reorganised the ranks of the proletariat. His activities amongst his old political comrades were under the constant surveillance of the local police, who used confidential informants and also didn’t neglect to monitor his correspondence with the leaders of the Communist Party.

He was arrested for the first time on 24 November 1926 for propaganda against the regime. Having returned to Italy in October 1926, he had been picked up by the police in Ventimiglia and accused of trying to re-establish contact with subversive elements and organising attacks on high-ranking figures. After he was released, he went to Milan, where he remained for a short time with his wife before his next arrest. After a period of exile on Ustica, he was arrested again on 10 March 1930 after a special court issued a warrant for his arrest. He remained in exile until February 1932. The final arrest carried out by the political department of the Rome police took place on 19 December 1943 as part of retaliatory measures following an attack on Nazi troops.

On 4 January 1944, he and 330 other opponents of the regime were deported. On 13 January, he was given the red triangle in Mauthausen and registered under prisoner number 41987. On 14 July 1944 he was murdered in Hartheim. In 1955, Filippo D’Agostino was posthumously awarded the Silver Medal of Valour by Giovanni Granchi, the president of the Republic of Italy.

Eugenio Iafrate

 

ANED, Rome section

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

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