Back

Jean Lavigne 1922 - 1943 Edit

Born 28.10.1922 in Frouard
Died 26.9.1943 in Wiener Neustadt

Biography

The account of Jean Lavigne’s final days in the Wiener Neustadt subcamp was provided by his fellow prisoner, René Mangin. Both had the misfortune to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. They were victims of the round-up in Nancy, Lorraine, on 2 March 1943.

Jean Lavigne – from Nancy to Wiener Neustadt

In 1943, at the request of the National Socialist occupiers, the collaborating government under Pétain introduced compulsory work service in Germany (STO – Service du travail obligatoire). Initially, this compulsory work service in Germany applied only to young men born in the years 1920, 1921 and 1922.

On 2 March 1943, all young men aged between 20 and 22 in Nancy and the surrounding area had been ordered to attend a compulsory medical examination at the town hall in Nancy before leaving for STO. This examination was carried out under the same conditions as a medical examination for military service. In France in the pre-war period, this visit to the doctor had been an important step signifying the transition into adulthood for generations of boys, and there were therefore a number of festivities that went with it.

The suspension of military service after the defeat of the French army in 1940 meant that there had been no such medical examinations for three years already, and so many of the young men called up believed that they could revive this tradition and that the celebrations which accompanied being called up would once again take place.

On 2 March 1943, many young men were waiting in the numerous bars in the city centre to report to the medical commission when the Gestapo suddenly launched a mass arrest of the young men on the streets and in the bars.

After time in the prisons and prison camps of France, in Nancy, in Ecrouves and in Compiègne, Jean Lavigne arrived at Mauthausen on 22 April 1943. He was among a transport of 997 men deported as part of operation ‘Meerschaum’. Under prisoner number 28239 he was assigned to the Wiener Neustadt subcamp along with 814 other Frenchmen. He worked on construction of the massive Serbenhalle hangar, which was intended for rocket production. He died on 26 September 1943. While the camp was in operation, 25 prisoners of all nationalities died at Wiener Neustadt between 20 June 1943 and 20 November 1943. Jean Lavigne, who was employed in the office, was the youngest of 19 Frenchmen to die at Wiener Neustadt. He died at the age of 20.

René Mangin, witness to the deportation to Mauthausen and its subcamp

René Mangin, who was also arrested during the round-up in Nancy of 2 March 1943, arrived in Mauthausen on the same transport. Registered under prisoner number 28303, he survived the Wiener Neustadt, Redl-Zipf and Gusen subcamps and the infirmary at the main camp in Mauthausen.

After his return and for many years after, he did not want to speak about it: ‘Had we told people about it, they would have declared us mad!’ Fifty years later he accompanied school groups to the Mauthausen camps and gave an account of deportation in his memoir The Red Triangle, from which the story of Jean Lavigne’s final days is taken. René Mangin died in Nancy in 2002. In later life he spoke often of Jean Lavigne.

On 28 October 2014, 71 years after Jean Lavigne’s death, several dozen Austrian activists and French members of the Amicale de Mauthausen set foot for the first time in the Serbenhalle, which had been built by Jean Lavigne, René Mangin and their fellow inmates at the Wiener Neustadt subcamp. At the site of Jean Lavigne’s ordeal, the following text, written by René Mangin about his friend, was read in public for the first time.

René Mangin’s description of the death of Jean Lavigne

‘Every evening I went to the dormitory in the infirmary to visit my comrade, whom I had got to know in the prison at Nancy. Jean Lavigne was suffering from meningitis, but there was barely any medical care and medication was a rarity. He was extremely emaciated, he weighed perhaps between 25 and 30 kilos. I tried to give him encouragement. We talked about France, the family and the hope of “getting out of here again”. He said to me himself: “It’s all alright, my old Mangin, we’ll be home again by Christmas.” It was only 1943, we parted with a rueful smile. I did this until the day when…

Around midday, coming from work, I was standing in the queue outside the block and waiting for my soup. Four prisoners came past us carrying a coffin of white fir planks. I looked over and heard a voice nearby saying: “That’s little Lavigne.” I was devastated, my eyes welled with tears. It was my friend. There was no way I could swallow any soup that day…’

René Mangin

Excerpt from: The Red Triangle by René Mangin, available at http://renemangin54.over-blog.com

 

Patrice Lafaurie

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

Send information about this person...

Add further information about this person...