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Vladislav Fiala 1914 - 1944 Edit

Born 19.3.1914 in Myslibořice
Died 27.9.1944 in Mauthausen

Biography

 

Vladislav Fiala was born on 19 March 1914 in Myslibořice. After finishing primary school he began an apprenticeship as a baker. He did his military service from 1935 to 1937 with the 24th Infantry Regiment. Instead of returning to civilian life, he undertook to continue serving as a non-commissioned officer as of 1 October 1937. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the German Reich in March 1939 he became a civilian again.

Armed resistance began to organise in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It was given the name Obrana národa (Defence of the Nation) and was composed of former commissioned and non-commissioned officers of the Czechoslovakian national army. A military structure gradually emerged, extending from company to battalion and regimental level.

The first organiser of these underground units in Moravské Budějovice was the former commander of the 24th Infantry Regiment, Colonel Jiří Jaroš. Over time he was able to develop a resistance group that included former soldiers from both in and outside of the administrative district of Moravské Budějovice. He ultimately became Regional Commander with authority over the districts Velké Meziříčí, Třebíč, Moravské Budějovice, Moravský Krumlov, Jemnice, Jevišovice, Hrotovice and the remaining part of Znojmo. By November 1939 Gestapo investigations had led to the discovery of the resistance movement and some initial arrests. Colonel Jiří Jaroš was arrested on 1 December 1939.

60 of his comrades were arrested in the period leading up to spring 1940. Vladislav Fiala was a member of the Obrana národa (ON) from the start. He did not abandon his activities after the defeat of the ON in spring 1940. He supported the paratroopers who carried out the attack on Reinhard Heydrich, hid resistance fighters and brought the southern Moravian groups into contact with the resistance in Prague. On 27 May 1942, the day on which Czechoslovakian paratroopers assassinated Acting Reich Protector Reinhard Heydrich, the Gestapo captured the commander of the resistance movement, Karl Nejedlý, known as ‘Kapitán Nemo’, and Mr. and Mrs. Bílek. The connections to the Prague resistance broke down. In May 1944 the Royal Air Force dropped the intelligence liaison group Spekter at Kramolín. Vladislav Fiala worked on the integration of this group.

The Gestapo knew of Vladislav Fiala from meetings of Brno confidants of the paratroopers who carried out the Heydrich assassination.

This led them to conclude that a resistance group existed in Moravské Budějovice and that Vladislav Fiala was the key to its elimination. Vladislav Fiala initially hid in the storeroom of the museum in Moravské Budějovice, and then alternately in Lesonice, at the house of his brother-in-law in Šemíkovice and with relatives in Jevíčko. On 19 August 1944 Vladislav Fiala was captured in the station in Jemnice. The next day he was taken by train to the Gestapo prison in Jihlava and then onward to the Kounice hall of residence in Brno. He was subjected to numerous interrogations intended to extract evidence that would help the Gestapo track down the Heydrich assassins and the remaining resistance fighters in Moravské Budějovice.

When the Gestapo officers were sure that they could not learn anything from the detainees that would lead to the discovery of other people who had supported the attackers, they assigned the group to a transport to Mauthausen. The memoirs of Vojtěch Hradecký, who was in the same transport as Vladislav Fiala, describe the scene:[1] ‘It was stiflingly hot in the prison truck that they used to take us from Brno via Vienna to the Mauthausen concentration camp on 21 September 1944.’ It was not a direct journey. They had to wait for four days in Vienna to continue the journey, until being ‘taken by car to the train, bound and in darkness, on 25 September. It took nearly a day before we reached Mauthausen.’ Around 100 Russians and Poles had already been added to the transport. ‘After leaving the train [...] SS men took over our whole transport and we soon began to get a sense of what the Mauthausen concentration camp was! They marched us on the double across the town to the camp, which is on a hill. The women could not keep up so the SS had to slow the pace, which increased their anger.’

The worst ordeal in the whole transport was suffered by 66-year-old Augustin Papula. He could no longer walk, meaning that his son Ladislav and Vojtěch Hradecký, another prisoner in the transport, had to take turns carrying him. After their arrival in the camp, several Soviet officers were separated from the transport. ‘The Papula, Holeček, Urbánek and Fiala families were also separated. Then they were all brought back together and they took us to the baths. We stood in front of the bath building when a SS man ran up, completely out of breath, and took the selected Czech people away.’

Their last journey took them, like many prisoners before them, to the camp prison. Here they waited either in the courtyard or in the cells on the first floor for the next day. On 27 September 1944 all of these patriots were executed along with Libor Zapletal, the member of the Heydrich assassination group Bivouac. The executions began at 9am on this day. Libor Zapletal was the first of the alleged ‘Czech Group’ to be executed at 10am. Vladislav Fiala was executed at 10.30am.

Vlastislav Janík

 

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 



[1] The following extracts are taken from the memoirs of Vojtěch Hradecký, born on 7 April 1893 in Vienna, prisoner no. 106144 at the Mauthausen concentration camp – see Národní Obroda [National Rebirth], volume 1 (1945), number 124 (Brno, 5 October 1945).

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