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Nils Hegland 1900 - 1945 Edit

Born 14.11.1900 in Evje
Died 3.3.1945 in Melk

Biography

 

Nils Hegland was born on 14 November 1900 in Evje to the north of Kristiansand. His parents were Johan Hegland, a wood merchant and sawmill owner, and his wife Inger Tonette, née Nedland.

In 1917 Hegland finished middle school at the Kristiansand Kathedralskole and, in 1923, he graduated from the Kristelig Gymnasium in Oslo, having taken natural sciences in his school leaving exams. One year later he completed teacher training at the Kristiansand Lærerskole.

In 1927, Hegland started work as an office clerk for the Evje Nikkelverk/Raffineringsverket AS company. He worked at the firm until he was arrested in January 1943 by the Gestapo and some National Socialists.[1]

Nils Hegland had been active for many years in sports clubs – in particular skiing. He was chairman of the Vest-Agder fri-idrettskrets (Athletics Club of Vest-Agder) and in his home town he led the local Ørnen (The Eagle) skiing team. Likewise important to Hegland was his involvement in a liberal youth movement – not least as a practicing folk dancer. The issue of abstinence from alcohol and promoting the modern Norwegian language were further aspects of his activities. In addition, in 1931 he bought a farm in Åsland near Evje. Politically, Hegland was aligned with and active in the liberal Venstre party. He was not married and had no direct descendants.

During the German occupation, Hegland became active in the resistance early on. In Evje and the surrounding area he was the leader of the ‘Milorg’ military resistance organisation. Its tasks included reconnaissance, weapons training and setting up weapons stores. In the Sørlandet (Southern Norway) region, these activities were under the overall command of Major Arne Laudal and there were several local branches. Beginning in autumn 1942, the members of these networks were tracked down.

On 20 January 1943, Nils Hegland was arrested in Evje. He was imprisoned first in Kristiansand and was then transferred to the Grini prison camp on 15 February. There he was given prisoner number 6397. On 10 June 1943, Hegland was taken as a Nacht-und-Nebel (‘Night and Fog’) prisoner to Aarhus in Denmark with the transport ship M/S Monte Rosa. 71 people from the Sørlandet region were on this prisoner transport. The journey continued by train to the Natzweiler concentration camp in the Vosges mountains, where he arrived on 15 June and was assigned the prisoner number 4074. Awaiting him there was backbreaking work in the quarries.

The Allies’ advance after the Normandy landings meant that Natzweiler had to be evacuated. In September 1944 Hegland was deported first to Dachau and then to Mauthausen. From there he was soon transferred to the Melk subcamp, where he was to labour in the tunnels. The tunnels being dug by the prisoners were to be used for underground factories for the production of ball bearings for aeroplanes and tanks, amongst other things. During a dramatic landslide on 23 November, Hegland suffered a broken leg and was taken to the infirmary. He survived this stay but was considerably weaker when he had to resume work in the tunnels. Mistreatment and brutality meant that he ended up back in the infirmary, this time for the last time. On 3 March 1945 he died – five days before the Norwegian prisoners in Melk were released from their work in order to be transported back to the main camp at Mauthausen. For the survivors, the journey home began with the ‘White Buses’ – under the direction of the Swedish count Folke Bernadotte and the Red Cross.

After the end of the war, Nils Hegland and others from the Sørlandet region who had died were honoured through a series of memorials. In addition, a street in the centre of Evje bears his name. In 1948 King Haakon VII awarded Nils Hegland a posthumous War Medal – ‘for his service in the military resistance, and because he gave his life for Norway.’

Atle Hegland Evje

 

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 

References:

O. Delphin Amundsen: Studentene fra 1923 [The Students of 1923] (Oslo 1950).

Osmund Faremo: Takk for livet, Emil [Thank You for Life, Emil] (Oslo 1987).

Den norske stat (ed.): Våre falne, Annen bok [Our Fallen. Second volume] (Oslo 1950).

Kristian Ottosen et al: Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940-1945, 2. utg. [Norwegians in Captivity 1940-1945. 2nd edition] (Oslo 2004).

Kristen Taraldsen: Frihetens flamme – major Laudal og hans menn [The Flame of Freedom – Major Laudal and his Men] (Kristiansand 1994).

 



[1] Translator’s note: the National Socialists mentioned here were members of the Nasjonal Samling (National Gathering), the National Socialist party of Norway.

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