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Henri Levin 1908 - 1945 Edit

Born 5.5.1908 in Wilno / Vilnius
Died 30.3.1945 in Ebensee

Biography

The life of Henri Levin/Lewin has been rebuilt by a class of the International French Lyceum of Vilnius, in Lithuania, where he is born. The class was part of the French project "Convoi 77", about the last convoy of deportees from the Drancy camp (near Paris) to Auschwitz in 1944. Henri Levin was one of these deportees; he later died in Mauthausen.

Henri Levin is born on 5 May 1908 in Vilnius, in the tsarist empire, under the name of Henoch Lewin. His father Abraham was a tailor, married to Sheina. Henoch had also a sister, Leia, born in 1909. The family lived in the historical center of Vilnius, near the Jewish quarter.

In 1918, Lithuania became independent but Vilnius was seized in 1919-1920 by Polish soldiers. Maybe because of the pregnant antisemitism in the society and especially in Polish universities, Henoch Lewin left to France in 1926 in order to study medicine in Paris and become a doctor.

He defended his practical medicine thesis in 1939 on Declining birth rate: its social causes. It was a patriotic subject in fashion at the time – when France was worrying about a loss of power because of demographic factors – and a sign of willingness to integrate into French society.

In 1939, after the outbreak of the Second World War, Henoch Lewin confirmed his patriotism by volunteering in the French army, in the Foreign Legion, with many other foreign Jews and Spaniards who had fled the Franco dictatorship. Henoch Lewin was enlisted in the Second Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers, which heroically fought against the German army during the 1940 debacle, although foreign volunteers were poorly equipped – they were nicknamed the "twine regiments". It could be during the 1940 Battle of France that Henoch Lewin chose to frenchify his name into "Henri Levin".

Despite their heroism during the fights, after the 1940 armistice the foreign volunteers did not get back their freedom: the collaborationist, xenophobic and antisemitic Vichy regime enlisted them into groups of foreign workers, submitted to forced labor. It is probably the reason why in 1943 Henri Levin was living in Perpignan, in Southern France, near the Barcarès basis of the Foreign Legion, with an address (44 boulevard Frédéric Mistral) near the "Champ-de-Mars", where groups of foreigners had to work.

There Henri Levin was arrested on racial grounds on 21 June 1943, before being sent to the camp of Drancy near Paris on 2 July 1944. He was included in the 77th Convoy, which left on 31 July 1944 and arrived in Auschwitz on 3 August. Unlike the majority of deportees, Henri Levin was not immediately gassed, but probably selected for forced labor. He even survived until the evacuation of the camp in the face of Soviet advance. It means he suffered a death march until Loslau in Poland, which he also survived. He arrived in Mauthausen on 25 January 1945.
Alas Henri Levin did not survive Mauthausen. Exempt from work from 23 March, he died on 30 March in the Ebensee subcamp.

Henri Levin’s biography on the website of the “Convoi 77” project: https://convoi77.org/en/deporte_bio/henri-levin/

Video diaporama on the work of the students: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSh8imVL6Mo

Yvan Leclère, Professor for History and Geography in Vilnius

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