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Józef Kubica 1888 - 1940 Edit

Born 9.12.1888 in Orlová
Died 21.9.1940 in Gusen

Biography

Józef Kubica was born on 9 December 1888 in Orlová (in Polish Orłowa) in Cieszyn Silesia, then a part of Austrian Silesia. He attended a Polish Lutheran elementary school and later a local industrial school. He also graduated from a foreman’s school in Kraków. He was active in Polish youth organisations, especially in the paramilitary Sokół movement. During the plebiscite campaign (1918–1920) in the region he was a pro-Polish activist and was beaten up and arrested along with other partisans by Czech troops.

After the partition of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, when Orlová together with the whole western part of Cieszyn Silesia was allocated to Czechoslovakia, Kubica had to move to the Polish part. He settled in Ustroń and married Anna Blasbalg, a clerk in a factory cooperative. He worked in a clock factory in Cieszyn and later established his own small metal machining workshop. During the Great Depression it was taken over by the Lutheran Bank, but Kubica stayed on as a manager. He was very active in various organisations, above all the Związek Powstańców Śląskich (Union of Silesian Insurgents).

After the outbreak of the Second World War he stated his nationality as Polish in the census organised by the new German authorities. He was arrested together with several other local activists, Lutheran and Catholic priests and members of the intelligentsia on 23 April 1940. The arrests were part of the so called ‘Polnische Aktion’ (Polish Action) organised by the German authorities in the regions that had been incorporated into the German Reich. Kubica was at first sent to Dachau concentration camp and later to Mauthausen/Gusen (prisoner number 6792), where he died on 21 September 1940. His wife and elder sons (18 and 17 years old) tried to run the business without much success. Later the sons were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht. His younger daughter (aged 14) had to work as a servant for German families. His widow and their youngest son stayed with her family, working at home and in a garden. They all managed to survive the war.

Grażyna Kubica

 

Translation into English: Joanna White

 

References:

 

Grażyna Kubica: Śląskość i protestantyzm. Antropologiczne studia o Śląsku Cieszyńskim, proza, fotografia [Silesian National and Protestantism. Anthropologial Studies on Cieszyn Silesia, prose, photographs] (Kraków 2011), pp. 45-47.

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